<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609</id><updated>2012-01-21T01:31:22.286+06:00</updated><category term='Fedora Core'/><category term='Compiler'/><category term='MySQL'/><category term='IM Clients'/><category term='Virus/Worm Removal'/><category term='Blogger Helps'/><category term='Windows'/><category term='FaceBook Tips and Tricks'/><category term='Win32 Tutorial'/><category term='Artificial Intelligence'/><category term='VHDL Programming'/><category term='Scripting'/><category term='Google Chrome'/><category term='MFC'/><category term='Assembly Language'/><category term='Linux'/><category term='Web Technologies'/><category term='Solaris'/><category term='Contest Bulletin'/><category term='Windows Seven'/><category term='Programming References'/><category term='Ubuntu'/><category term='Antivirus'/><category term='Apache'/><category term='Miscellaneous'/><category term='OpenGL'/><category term='Native Coding'/><title type='text'>Notes from SAOS</title><subtitle type='html'>Support on Major Operating Systems and Software</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>99</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-3716745813587484998</id><published>2011-05-28T05:28:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2011-06-17T00:05:53.743+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Scripting'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Assembly Language'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Solaris'/><title type='text'>I hate scripting but love it when it saves time!!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Remember the old days?! We were screwing up Linux, Solaris and other Unix OSs. However the GUI was, the shell was awesome! Well, in past tense because when Oracle acquired Sun and I moved from Solaris to Windows. Looking at the present seems like decision was perfect. But my scripting habits could not be repressed. So I reproduced some of them in windows ways.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have attached approximately 86 scripts with this post and some reusable executable components that help these scripts. I’m putting a compendium here if it comes handy to you. Here comes the big list:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;1. Get the pronunciation for specified word and play it with media player: getword.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Change PC configuration to specified host ip: hack_isp.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Very intelligent script! You'll feel the hack when you understand this one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;3. Install windows updates using patches from specified folder:  install_patches.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Switch between ISPS: intconf.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This script is indeed useful in my office!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;5. Want to join chromium development? Look at these: ChromeDev_init.cmd &amp; ChromeDev.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Open a customized Cygwin prompt: Cygwin_init.cmd &amp; Cygwin.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Script includes all steps necessary to compile opengl files when you have windows sdk and glut installed: oglcl.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Are you a opengl programmer? You’d like the last script. But you need to know more about cl&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;8. Share folder in network using net share command; delete them: addshares.cmd, delshares.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. Change IP Address of local area connection: change_ip.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. Change DNS servers for local area connection: change_dns.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11. Check all drives of my hard-disk and shut the pc down: check &amp; down.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12. Display reminders in message box: displaymsgdone.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13. Incomplete Windows Script for rapidshare link downloads: dnrssingle.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.walyou.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/funny-baby-rocker-linux-script.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="236" src="http://www.walyou.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/funny-baby-rocker-linux-script.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig: Scripting guy rocks his baby with script :P &lt;a href="http://walyou.com/baby-rocking-ubuntu-linux-script/"&gt;Know more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;14. Open Jar files: ejar.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15. Generate java bytecodes from java sources and run: Ejava.cmd, Ejavac.cmd &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16. Extract single lines from file: file_var.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17. Sink down in disguise: flush_os.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Longtime ago I was doing some assembly programming. Here are those scripts: MASM_Init.cmd, masm32_cls.cmd, MASM32_Init.cmd, mpl.cmd. If you need more help on assembly look &lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/search/label/Assembly%20Language"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;18. Wait for specified timer interval and then notify on top of all windows: mdelay.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19. Open any file with notepad++: npp.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20. Create installer from installer script: nsis.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;21. Create new source file and open with visual studio: ocf.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;22. Rename all other extension files i.e.; .dat to .mpg: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;23. Rename_others_to_mpg.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;24. Vista won’t boot because you just reinstalled mbr. So repair it: Repair_vistabootmgr.cmd&lt;br /&gt;25. Start, stop, web services (apache, php, mysql): samp.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It’s my version of web server integrating them manually.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;26. Want to just ping using the host id: like your ip is 10 so you type sping 10: sping.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;27. Stop mssql services consumes too much CPU; start: StopServicesMSSQL.cmd, StartServicesMSSQL.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;28. Shutdown PC when specified file is downloaded completely: stdn.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;29. Get an svnadmin prompt: svnadmin_init.cmd and svnadmin.cmd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;30. Open a stable svn client: SVNDev_init.cmd, SVNDev.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was using svn of depot clients from chromium. Now I am using CollabNet for svn(certified binaries).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;31. Force Windows Media Player to shutdown: wmpkill.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Video players sometimes won’t hang! That won’t happen!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;32. This script enables Integrate Internet Download Manager integration after a specified amount of time and then disable on press key: afd.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I filled bug report to them; they said they will fix the integration problem in next release but Chrome was constantly crashing! Still the script works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;33. Change MAC Address of Network Interface: change_mac.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This script is very helpful for rokers! Anyway, are you a hacker? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;34. Get HTTP header for any website: checkheader.cmd&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now you know who I am! But shh! Don’t tell anyone!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download script files &lt;a href="http://sa-win32-tutorials.googlecode.com/files/saos-scripts-0.99.zip"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. You'll find some shortcuts in the folder which directly points to different applicaiton to assist on commandline. For example, try command excel.lnk in cmd.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That’s too much incentive today! If you are in confusion about any script, leave in comments. Some other day I’ll talk about another technology for scripting which you already know: Powershell.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks for visiting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: green;"&gt;Attached file with this post: &lt;a href="http://sa-win32-tutorials.googlecode.com/files/saos-scripts-0.99.zip"&gt;saos-scripts-0.99.zip&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-3716745813587484998?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/3716745813587484998/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/05/i-hate-scripting-but-love-it-when-it.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3716745813587484998'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3716745813587484998'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/05/i-hate-scripting-but-love-it-when-it.html' title='I hate scripting but love it when it saves time!!'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5051433185997349429</id><published>2011-05-20T16:16:00.011+06:00</published><updated>2011-05-20T17:20:08.952+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Native Coding'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='MFC'/><title type='text'>PingGuin, Net Notifier Software</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-v-pQdJD9s68/TdZHfWYdxpI/AAAAAAAAAkI/k6RN1KF6-lY/s1600/PingStory02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-v-pQdJD9s68/TdZHfWYdxpI/AAAAAAAAAkI/k6RN1KF6-lY/s320/PingStory02.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Software is about making life easier. It's right that to check whether internet is available we make command line ping requests. To know whether the connection is really active we can just ping to www.anydomain.com i.e; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.saosx.com/"&gt;www.saosx.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;. Whenever this ping fails we ping to our default gateway to check whether gateway is reachable. A gap between the host and gateway will result unreachability to web servers. When gateway is reachable we further need to check whether DNS servers are reachable. So we need more two pings. I always thought about automating these tasks. I have once indeed written a script that does all these works. Well, that's another story.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;I wanted to create a software for general people who can use this tool to automate the ping process to all three servers (gateway, pri dns, sec dns) . Moreover, I implemented feature to show balloon tips on the taskbar notification area whenever internet is available.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;I have made attempts to make the software as user friendly as possible. When start the software the initial dialog box is shown which has a static box that updates whether internet is available or not. In that window I have enabled automatic retrieval of network interface settings so that user don't have to go through tedious typing everytime he/she starts the software.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LCo4V66pi0g/TdZI2uqRAZI/AAAAAAAAAkQ/pZuuAzqTfK0/s1600/PingGuin01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LCo4V66pi0g/TdZI2uqRAZI/AAAAAAAAAkQ/pZuuAzqTfK0/s320/PingGuin01.png" width="304" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;It is really amazing that the entire internet is running on kindness and openness of people. Why not I contribute some from my side! That's the reason behind my delivering of this software as open-source. Together we make a better world. I don't want others to go through same tedious procedure during building components for my software. You can straight visit my project source code here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk"&gt;http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;It's an opensource project. You have freedom to use my code. But please acknowledge me and my project in comment. I will also welcome anyone to contribute in this project. Contribution can be of many forms. May be pointing out a bug, suggesting features that should be included in the future release or working with the code directly and improving the quality of work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;I would like to acknowledge my endless debts to msdn, microsoft forums, codeproject and all the forgotten resources of internet that helped me to get new ideas and develop and nourish them. &lt;a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/"&gt;msdn&lt;/a&gt; is Microsoft Developer Network and forum for VC++ is available here:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/category/visualc"&gt;http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/category/visualc&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;while &lt;a href="http://www.codeproject.com/"&gt;codeproject&lt;/a&gt; is an awesome website for helping developers across many programming languages and frameworks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Native Software developers can take help on following topics from my this project:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Standard mechanism of accessing Windows Management Instrumentation information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;DNS Lookup and PING API (alway check msdn for reference)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Showing Balloon Tips and adding icon in the taskbar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Displaying menu from resource using tray icon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Creating Windows Threads using structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Unicode string manipulation (using tchar library)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Creating Installer for Native Software (see PingGuin_Installer in the &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2FPingGUIN_Installer"&gt;svn trunk&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;I'm building an API for network tools and parsing other types of information some of which release under project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/sasubsync/"&gt;sasubsync&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/wiresharkparser/"&gt;Wireshark Parser&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;, Stutdown Timer, Blogger Code editor etc. A compendium will be provided in my site in future. So in related topics you are welcome to take help. If some code isn't available you can ask me.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;By this time when I'm writing this post this software is available for Windows only. I'm checking user responses. According to that I'll decide whether to release for other platforms. You can download installer of pingguin for windows from here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/downloads/list"&gt;http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/downloads/list&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;This software is built in my off-time (killing my traveling time, yeah I call this little exploring in this universe as traveling, you can't sue me until you're oracle! :P). Hence, this software has still no relation with my software company, &lt;a href="http://www.revesoft.com/home/index.php"&gt;Reve Systems&lt;/a&gt;. It's all about &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/"&gt;pingguin&lt;/a&gt;, a net notifier software. You are welcome to visit:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/"&gt;http://code.google.com/p/pingguin/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5051433185997349429?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5051433185997349429/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/05/pingguin-net-notifier-software_20.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5051433185997349429'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5051433185997349429'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/05/pingguin-net-notifier-software_20.html' title='PingGuin, Net Notifier Software'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-v-pQdJD9s68/TdZHfWYdxpI/AAAAAAAAAkI/k6RN1KF6-lY/s72-c/PingStory02.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-1982103245696039126</id><published>2011-01-19T05:08:00.005+06:00</published><updated>2011-12-12T12:54:19.463+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><title type='text'>How to Install UniBijoy in Avro Keyboard 5.1.0</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;We talked about Avro Keyboard 4.5.3 and how to use UniBijoy layout with it the other day in &lt;a href="http://blog.saosx.com/2010/08/avro-keyboard-453-and-unibijoy.html"&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;. Today I’ll tell you how to use Unibijoy keyboard layout with Avro Keyboard 5.1.0.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Avro Keyboard 5.1.0 comes with some new features i.e, Bangla spell checking, new user interface.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;First download Avro Keyboard 5.1.0 and install. Here is the link for download page: &lt;a href="http://www.omicronlab.com/avro-keyboard-download.html"&gt;http://www.omicronlab.com/avro-keyboard-download.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;After installation is complete it’s time to include our desired keyboard layout.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Download Unibijoy keyboard from this link (right click the link and click save as): &lt;a href="http://archive.saosx.com/Downloads/UniBijoy.avrolayout"&gt;http://archive.saosx.com/Downloads/UniBijoy.avrolayout&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;After downloading the keyboard layout copy it to avro’s keyboard layout folder:&amp;nbsp;C:\ProgramData\Avro Keyboard\Keyboard Layouts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you are using Windows XP you have to put it in following folder:&amp;nbsp;C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Avro Keyboard\Keyboard Layouts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Now exit avro keyboard and start again. Select UniBijoy from Keyboard Layout menu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TTYcNe0OxtI/AAAAAAAAAjM/RVcVtTs6W6Y/s1600/UniBijoy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="137" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TTYcNe0OxtI/AAAAAAAAAjM/RVcVtTs6W6Y/s320/UniBijoy.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;That's all. Now you can start typing Bangla with any application that supports Unicode.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-1982103245696039126?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/1982103245696039126/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/01/installing-avro-keyboard-510-and.html#comment-form' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1982103245696039126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1982103245696039126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/01/installing-avro-keyboard-510-and.html' title='How to Install UniBijoy in Avro Keyboard 5.1.0'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TTYcNe0OxtI/AAAAAAAAAjM/RVcVtTs6W6Y/s72-c/UniBijoy.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-8903880254193433464</id><published>2011-01-02T02:10:00.006+06:00</published><updated>2011-01-25T00:38:53.184+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>Installing Latex on Windows and Linux and Latex Document Compilation Instructions</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In this article, I’ll present some tips and tricks on how to do certain things on latex such as adding sections, subsections, inserting images and writing equations etc. Then I’ll provide a sample tex file and instructions for compiling the file using latex along with installation instructions of latex software on various operating systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Adding sections and subsections in latex documents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To add a section, use section tag. Here’s an example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\section{Overview}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If this section is in a chapter it is preceded by a numbering. For example, if it is chapter 1 numbering is 1.1, 1.2 etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you want to add a subsection under a section use use subsection tag. Here's an example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\subsection{Formulation}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It will have numbering like 1.1.1, 1.1.2 etc. If you need subsections under subsection, use subsubsection tag.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No more nesting (after 3 levels) is supported.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;How to insert images on latex documents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The first thing you need to do is to convert your image (jpg, png, gif etc) to eps (a postscript format) which is easy to convert to pdf. To convert an image to eps format you need ImageMagick. In fedora installation command of ImageMagick is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum install ImageMagick&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In Windows you can install ImageMagick after downloading from &lt;a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/download/binaries/"&gt;http://www.imagemagick.org/download/binaries/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current latest release direct link for Windows:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/download/binaries/ImageMagick-6.6.6-7-Q16-windows-dll.exe"&gt;http://www.imagemagick.org/download/binaries/ImageMagick-6.6.6-7-Q16-windows-dll.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now use the convert command to convert the image.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;convert filename.jpg filename.eps&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In widows you have to put the installation path as well with the command. For example, if it installed in C:\Program Files\ImageMagick directory.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;C:&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;“C:\Program Files\ImageMagick\convert.exe” filename.jpg filename.eps&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To view eps files you need ghostscript. In Windows, you can install ghostscript from here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://ghostscript.com/releases/gs900w32.exe"&gt;http://ghostscript.com/releases/gs900w32.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Fedora, you have to apply following command as root to install ghostscript,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family:Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum install ghostscipt&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now it’s time to include the eps file on tex. Use figure tag to make caption, includegraphics command to include the image. You need to specify the correct path of your image in \includegraphics command. Here’s an example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;\begin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;figure&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}[&lt;/span&gt;htbp&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;  \centering&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;\includegraphics&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;Figures&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;SA_Spheric.eps&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;  \caption&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;Latitude and Longitude \&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;label&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt; Latitude and Longitude &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;\&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;figure&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Set the caption text and label text same. Label text is used on List of figures. In a template they are automatically numbered according to chapter. If you need to scale up image to half of its size use scalebox tag along with includegraphics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\scalebox{0.5}{ \includegraphics{./Figures/SA_Spheric.eps}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Writing scientific/math equations in latex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If your equations require numbering on right side use this tag,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\begin{equation}  Your math exp \end{equation}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\begin{equation}\int r = \sqrt[2]{x^2 + y^2 + z^2}\end{equation}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;But if your equation doesn’t require numbering use tag like this,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\begin{math}  Your math exp \end{math}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For example,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;Our equation is, \begin{math}\int r = \sqrt[2]{x^2 + y^2 + z^2}\end{math}. Proof ...&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Integration symbol: \int&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To show only root sign not n-th root use tag: \sqrt{x}, replace x with your expression or symbol&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To show nth root use tag: \sqrt[n]{x}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To show fractions like ½ use \frac tag. Example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;thd = \frac{1}{n}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For summation sign use \sum tag,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n Abs (t_i - t_{i-1})\end{equation}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;\limits is used to set limits on summation sign. Here, i=1 goes down and n goes up. You write texts preceding _ to put them down (subscript) and use ^ to superscript.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For using only one math symbol you can use \ensuremath{} tag. For example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;If angle in degree is \ensuremath{\theta} then the slope is ..&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Here are latex tags for some of the math symbols:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\Phi&lt;br /&gt;\lambda&lt;br /&gt;\Pi&lt;br /&gt;\epsilon&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;You can find a detailed list of latex symbols here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://web.ift.uib.no/Teori/KURS/WRK/TeX/symALL.html"&gt;http://web.ift.uib.no/Teori/KURS/WRK/TeX/symALL.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Installation Instructions of Latex for Fedora Core&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Apply following commands after opening a terminal and logging into root. Alternatively you can apply su command and provide root password for instant switching.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ su&lt;br /&gt;Password:&lt;br /&gt;# yum install tetex-latex evince-dvi xdvik&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Installation Instructions of Latex for Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Apply following commands if you are using Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# sudo apt-get install tetex-base tetex-bin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Installation Instructions for Windows (XP, Vista, Seven)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Download basic-miktex from here: &lt;a href="http://miktex.org/2.9/setup"&gt;http://miktex.org/2.9/setup&lt;/a&gt; and run the installer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Compiling Tex Documents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now let’s learn how to compile latex document file. Here’s a sample tex file,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;\documentclass&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;pt&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;]{&lt;/span&gt;article&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;\usepackage&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;amsmath&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;\title&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;\LaTeX&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;\&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;\begin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;document&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  \maketitle &lt;br /&gt;  \LaTeX&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{}&lt;/span&gt; is a document preparation system &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; the \TeX&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{}&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  typesetting program. It offers programmable desktop publishing &lt;br /&gt;  features and extensive facilities &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; automating most aspects of &lt;br /&gt;  typesetting and desktop publishing&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; including numbering and &lt;br /&gt;  cross&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;referencing&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; tables and figures&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; page layout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; bibliographies&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  and much more. \LaTeX&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{}&lt;/span&gt; was originally written in &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1984&lt;/span&gt; by Leslie &lt;br /&gt;  Lamport and has become the dominant method &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; using \TeX&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; few &lt;br /&gt;  people write in plain \TeX&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{}&lt;/span&gt; anymore. The current version is &lt;br /&gt;  \LaTeXe.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt; This is a comment&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; it is &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; shown in the final output.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt; The following shows a little of the typesetting power of LaTeX&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  \begin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;align&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    E &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;amp;=&lt;/span&gt; mc^&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;                              \\&lt;br /&gt;    m &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;amp;=&lt;/span&gt; \frac&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;m_0&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}{&lt;/span&gt;\sqrt&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;\frac&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;v^&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}{&lt;/span&gt;c^&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  \&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;align&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;\&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;document&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Open a text editor. Create a new file and paste the code given above. Save the file with name test.tex.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now let’s compile the tex file. In Linux, apply following commands on terminal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;latex test.tex&lt;br /&gt;$ dvipdf test.dvi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A pdf file will be generated with same filename. In Linux if you need to view dvi files you can use either evince or xdvi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;evince test.dvi &amp;&lt;br /&gt;$ xdvi test.dvi &amp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In Windows, you might skip generating dvi files. You can use pdflatex.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To compile tex files in Windows you need to apply following command,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;D:&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;"C:\Program Files\TeX\miktex\bin\pdflatex.exe" test.tex&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;assuming "C:\Program Files\TeX” is your installation directory for basic-miktex.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If there is no error on the tex file it will generate a pdf document which you can open using a pdf reader like Adobe pdf reader or Foxit Reader.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;More tips and tricks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Here’s an example of using bullets for following texts:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: green;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dining and canteen system&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Library, reading room system&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Debate,language club system&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Games and sports system&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Washing and cleaning system and Utensil management&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;\begin{itemize}&lt;br /&gt;    \item {Dining and canteen system}&lt;br /&gt;    \item {Library, reading room system}&lt;br /&gt;    \item {Debate,language club system}&lt;br /&gt;    \item {Games and sports system  }&lt;br /&gt;    \item {Washing and cleaning system and Utensil management }&lt;br /&gt;\end{itemize}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Using tables&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Follow this link: &lt;a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables"&gt;http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables&lt;/a&gt; It explains tables well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Adding newlines: &lt;/b&gt;use \\ to add a newline&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Using Bold styles: &lt;/b&gt; Use \textbf{text here} tag to bold your text.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Italicizing texts: &lt;/b&gt;You can use \emph tag or \textit tag to italicize your text. Example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;\emph{set your text here}&lt;br /&gt;\textit{set your text here }&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subscripting: &lt;/b&gt;Write texts preceding _ to make them subscripted. To write xi type x_i&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Superscript: &lt;/b&gt; use ^ to superscript. To write x^2 use x^2 exactly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Troubleshooting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If you get errors like this frequently,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;! Missing $ inserted.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;inserted text&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                $&lt;br /&gt;l.128 ...Distance (C_{i}, C_j)\end{math}, where K_&lt;br /&gt;                                                  i, K_j is Cluster.&lt;br /&gt;?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Latex expects including math tag during usage of math notations like superscript, subscript and symbols. Here’s an example,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;\begin{math} Your expression for example C_i end{math}&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;When this syntax is ensured latex will not display those error messages anymore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-8903880254193433464?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/8903880254193433464/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/01/installing-latex-on-windows-and-linux.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8903880254193433464'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8903880254193433464'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2011/01/installing-latex-on-windows-and-linux.html' title='Installing Latex on Windows and Linux and Latex Document Compilation Instructions'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-8478820756734042910</id><published>2010-12-22T16:06:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2011-01-25T00:50:04.922+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><title type='text'>How to Update Fedora Core 13 to Fedora Core 14</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The process is simple. We have to apply some commands on terminal mode. After that update will be done using internet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means we need internet on terminal. But when GUI closes; internet that is configured with NetworkManager is lost. Hence we have to try other way out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, install system-config-network and then stop Network Manager Daemon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum install system-config-network&lt;br /&gt;# service NetworkManager stop&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now open system-config-network using system-config-network command on the terminal or run. Enter root password if it asks for.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untick the option "Controlled by Network Manager". Click apply. Now switch to terminal mode by pressing Alt + Ctrl + F2. Log in as root.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;init 3&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; color: #b45f06;"&gt;Doing the update&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;After it is done press enter and enter following commands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;rpm --import https://fedoraproject.org/static/97A1071F.txt&lt;br /&gt;# yum update yum&lt;br /&gt;# yum --releasever=14 distro-sync --skip-broken&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; color: #b45f06;"&gt;Accelerate Linux with the ISP ISPROS and other ISPs which support GNU Mirror&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;After update reboot your system using reboot command. After restart select Fedora 14 from Boot Menu. Once System is booted into Fedora 14 update the system using yum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If your ISP has its own GNU Linux Mirror then update will be very fast. With around 300 KBPS it will take around half an with an decent configuration PC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bangladeshi Linux users can have this benefit with &lt;a href="http://www.ispros.com.bd/mirrors/"&gt;ISPROS&lt;/a&gt; isp. They have &lt;a href="http://mirrors.ispros.com.bd/ubuntu-release"&gt;ubuntu mirror&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://mirrors.ispros.com.bd/"&gt;fedora mirror&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://mirrors.ispros.com.bd/"&gt;cent-os mirror&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://mirrors.ispros.com.bd/gnu"&gt;gnu mirror&lt;/a&gt; and some other useful mirrors(apache, php etc).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One thing more if your Fedora yum does not choose ISPROS as mirror you can force it by changing fedora.repo Set your mirror list to this url: http://mirrors.ispros.com.bd/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ by editing the file /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enjoy Linux with ISPROS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-8478820756734042910?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/8478820756734042910/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/how-to-update-fedora-core-13-to-fedora.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8478820756734042910'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8478820756734042910'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/how-to-update-fedora-core-13-to-fedora.html' title='How to Update Fedora Core 13 to Fedora Core 14'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-7994819781759225119</id><published>2010-12-01T16:56:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2011-01-25T00:55:33.306+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><title type='text'>Windows Seven Tips &amp; Tricks: Enable Classic Taskbar</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;I always liked the classic taskbar. It's why I got to get it back with Windows Seven. Here's I'm telling you how to do it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, reduce the taskbar size following &lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2009/11/how-to-reduce-taskbar-size-in-windows.html"&gt;previous post&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Now right the click taskbar. Click properties. There is an option called "Taskbar buttons" on the middle of the dialog box.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Select the option "Combile when taskbar is full". "Click ok. You'll get your classic taskbar back. Screenshots attached below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYo8C5gFTI/AAAAAAAAAiU/qgmSCF4AAyI/s1600/Default+Taskbar.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYo8C5gFTI/AAAAAAAAAiU/qgmSCF4AAyI/s320/Default+Taskbar.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Image 01: Default Taskbar of Windows Seven [Click Image to Enlarge]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYpXkkXKXI/AAAAAAAAAiY/Pp6ctpCu4Eg/s1600/Classic+Taskbar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYpXkkXKXI/AAAAAAAAAiY/Pp6ctpCu4Eg/s320/Classic+Taskbar.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Image 02: Classic Taskbar of Windows Seven [Click Image to Enlarge]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-7994819781759225119?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/7994819781759225119/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/windows-seven-tips-tricks-enable.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7994819781759225119'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7994819781759225119'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/windows-seven-tips-tricks-enable.html' title='Windows Seven Tips &amp; Tricks: Enable Classic Taskbar'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYo8C5gFTI/AAAAAAAAAiU/qgmSCF4AAyI/s72-c/Default+Taskbar.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-2667689977460863075</id><published>2010-12-01T15:42:00.005+06:00</published><updated>2011-01-25T01:00:58.015+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>How to Change MAC Address on Linux using NetworkManager</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In &lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2009/12/how-to-change-mac-address-on-linux.html"&gt;previous post&lt;/a&gt; I showed how to change MAC address on Linux using ifconfig command and system-config-network tool. Today I will show you how to change MAC address using Network Manager. The method is comparatively easier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Follow the steps given below to change MAC address.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Right click on the Network Manager applet and click "Edit Connections"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Select eth0 and click edit button&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;On Cloned MAC Address type the MAC address that you want to change to as shown in image below:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYYK2z4FSI/AAAAAAAAAiE/ofgNcRmgkDM/s1600/Screenshot-Editing+System+eth0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYYK2z4FSI/AAAAAAAAAiE/ofgNcRmgkDM/s320/Screenshot-Editing+System+eth0.png" width="289" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click Image to Enlarge]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click apply.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are done. It was damn easy. Right!? ping to check back your internet connection.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;$ ping www.google.com&lt;br /&gt;PING www.l.google.com (74.125.43.105) 56(84) bytes of data.&lt;br /&gt;64 bytes from bw-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.43.105): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=220 ms&lt;br /&gt;64 bytes from bw-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.43.105): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=220 ms&lt;br /&gt;64 bytes from bw-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.43.105): icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=219 ms&lt;br /&gt;64 bytes from bw-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.43.105): icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=220 ms&lt;br /&gt;64 bytes from bw-in-f105.1e100.net (74.125.43.105): icmp_seq=5 ttl=53 time=220 ms&lt;br /&gt;^C&lt;br /&gt;--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---&lt;br /&gt;5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4298ms&lt;br /&gt;rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 219.408/220.194/220.799/0.709 ms&lt;br /&gt;$&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If you don't find "Cloned MAC address" in Network Manager update your Network Manager and then try again.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;$ yum update NetworkManager&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-2667689977460863075?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/2667689977460863075/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/how-to-change-mac-address-on-linux.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2667689977460863075'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2667689977460863075'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/how-to-change-mac-address-on-linux.html' title='How to Change MAC Address on Linux using NetworkManager'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYYK2z4FSI/AAAAAAAAAiE/ofgNcRmgkDM/s72-c/Screenshot-Editing+System+eth0.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-9028871973287448298</id><published>2010-12-01T14:33:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2011-01-25T01:02:52.749+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Compiler'/><title type='text'>Lex, Yacc Installation and Compilation Shell Script</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If you don't have lex and yacc install them using the following command.&lt;br /&gt;Fedora Core&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum -y install flex bison&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo aptitude install flex bison&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;This script will be very useful for compiling lex and yacc files. Here is the script:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; SA&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;OS Script &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;http&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;://&lt;/span&gt;sa&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;os.blogspot.com&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; Generating lex&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;lex $&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; compling using yet another compiler compiler&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;yacc &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;d $&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; Creating objects &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; c &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;gcc &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;c lex.yy.c y.tab.c&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; Creating executable&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;gcc &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;o p.out lex.yy.o y.tab.o &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;ll&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; Running executable&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;p.out&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;After saving this in file named compile.sh&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You have to apply the following command to make it executable script.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;chmod a+x compile.sh&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now you can run the script like this:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;./compile.sh lexfilename.l yaccfilename.y&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-9028871973287448298?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/9028871973287448298/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/lex-yacc-compilation-shell-script.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/9028871973287448298'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/9028871973287448298'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/12/lex-yacc-compilation-shell-script.html' title='Lex, Yacc Installation and Compilation Shell Script'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-4115796596414124284</id><published>2010-11-28T03:21:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2010-11-28T03:56:31.910+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Artificial Intelligence'/><title type='text'>Good Movies on Artificial Intelligence II</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In &lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/good-movies-on-artificial-intelligence.html"&gt;previous post&lt;/a&gt; I mentioned some movies on AI. Today I'm adding some more AI movies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFqEbqPZbI/AAAAAAAAAhg/oZDkmXk8ZBw/s1600/Artificial+Intelligence_Movie+Banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="216" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFqEbqPZbI/AAAAAAAAAhg/oZDkmXk8ZBw/s320/Artificial+Intelligence_Movie+Banner.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This movie (A.I) is directly related with Artificial Intelligence. An artificially intelligent robot is manufactured which looks exactly like the boy a couple recently lost. However intelligent or alike the robotic agent looks is it is difficult to replace a human child. Consequences follow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the notorious real child is found back tragedy starts. Time comes to give this robot back to the manufacturer company for disposal. With uncontrolled emotion of love for this human-looking robot the mother cannot leave the boy for disposal. She leaves the robot boy in a forest. This leads to other interesting stories. But the boy only dreams to get back to her human mother for who his love is never defeated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To download wallpaper of this movie follow &lt;a href="http://sa-sdft.blogspot.com/2009/11/artificial-intelligence-ai-wallpapers.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. View more info on imdb about this movie:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0212720/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0212720/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFs61DwxmI/AAAAAAAAAhk/SPY7szxVlVs/s1600/2001+a+space+odyssey+banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFs61DwxmI/AAAAAAAAAhk/SPY7szxVlVs/s320/2001+a+space+odyssey+banner.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;I’m adding this movie because of its reputation (it is ranked as one of the top 10 movies). The movie is not enjoyable if you don’t understand the central story. But it contains a good theme which is a juxtaposure of human evolution, technology and artificial intelligence.  Human evolution part is related with a monolith. Artificial intelligent part is related with HAL computers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can find good info about this movie and its plot &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. View more info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;The Matrix (1999)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFuZggrSrI/AAAAAAAAAho/slLzc_zUeYc/s1600/The+matrix+Banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFuZggrSrI/AAAAAAAAAho/slLzc_zUeYc/s320/The+matrix+Banner.jpg" width="222" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;This is an awesome mind-blowing science fiction movie. A Hacker learns the new definition of reality and when he possesses the control of it, it means he has matrix. With matrix human beings can be programmed according to necessities and can be useful in fighting in the world where they are also real!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among Matrix trilogy most enjoyable is this one. Matrix has good base story which is very scientific and detailed. View more info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;The Matrix Reloaded (2003)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFu9-YKJTI/AAAAAAAAAhs/Kn0VZcSrekc/s1600/The+matrix+reloaded+banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFu9-YKJTI/AAAAAAAAAhs/Kn0VZcSrekc/s320/The+matrix+reloaded+banner.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It all about saving trinity and destroying Zion. Too dramatic but you will enjoy some special effects! View more info on imdb: &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0234215/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0234215/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;The Matrix Revolutions (2003)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFv1M8SjAI/AAAAAAAAAhw/6Z43NoGd-6g/s1600/Matrix+Revolutions+Banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFv1M8SjAI/AAAAAAAAAhw/6Z43NoGd-6g/s320/Matrix+Revolutions+Banner.jpg" width="214" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0242653/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0242653/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Endhiran (2010)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFxFiauBZI/AAAAAAAAAh0/u9ST55PLtgM/s1600/Endhiran+movie+banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFxFiauBZI/AAAAAAAAAh0/u9ST55PLtgM/s320/Endhiran+movie+banner.jpg" width="292" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It is a very good hindi movie that is worth watching. A scientist named Dr. Vasi builds an intelligent robot which resembles his image. The scientific body does not approve the robot. Hence emotion is also integrated into the robot. Then with awesome emotions it falls in love with its creator’s fiancée Aishwariya Rai! Let’s see how to fix this. :)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;View more info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1305797/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1305797/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Inception (2010)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFykNj6mgI/AAAAAAAAAh4/fC-F5MplPdM/s1600/Inception+movie+banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFykNj6mgI/AAAAAAAAAh4/fC-F5MplPdM/s320/Inception+movie+banner.jpg" width="216" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The movie does not deal with artificially intelligent agents. Rather it deals with scientific theories of subconscious mind. The information can be stolen from a subconscious state of brain when it is at its most vulnerable. It is called extraction. Also ideas can be planted. With subconscious minds it always comes to dreaming. In dreams human agents are more powerful, they work as better agents. That’s the artificial part.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cobb is the best thief of information extraction. But he has a strong rival in his subconscious world a woman named Mal. Mal will always mess up the plan and cause Cobb to be defeated though once Mal was his love and everything. With all these hard obstacles of subconscious world Cobb has to win in his impossible plan called inception. They have to win fights on minds in a combined shared illusive, beautiful, adventurous subconscious environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1375666/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1375666/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Transformers (2007)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFzH0dro1I/AAAAAAAAAh8/pLbUK4rkBwc/s1600/Transformers+movie+banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFzH0dro1I/AAAAAAAAAh8/pLbUK4rkBwc/s320/Transformers+movie+banner.jpg" width="215" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a clash between two extra-terrestrial clans which affects existence of earth and beings. A young held teenager possesses all the power and clue who can save the world? Too dramatic! Huh? This one is better than the next of the sequel! View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0418279/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0418279/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFzp0SqqzI/AAAAAAAAAiA/y-IaQTHvEAI/s1600/Transformers+revenge+of+the+fallen+movie+banner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFzp0SqqzI/AAAAAAAAAiA/y-IaQTHvEAI/s320/Transformers+revenge+of+the+fallen+movie+banner.jpg" width="216" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;View info on imdb about this movie:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1055369/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1055369/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I’ve got some more movies. Before adding them I’ll watch them first to make sure if they relate with Artificial Intelligence. Relevant movies will be added on next post. Thanks for visiting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-4115796596414124284?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/4115796596414124284/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/good-movies-on-artificial-intelligence_28.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4115796596414124284'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4115796596414124284'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/good-movies-on-artificial-intelligence_28.html' title='Good Movies on Artificial Intelligence II'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPFqEbqPZbI/AAAAAAAAAhg/oZDkmXk8ZBw/s72-c/Artificial+Intelligence_Movie+Banner.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-4316263170168336161</id><published>2010-11-11T12:34:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-11-11T12:34:10.357+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Programming References'/><title type='text'>How to Disable Deprecation Warning on Visual Studio</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Deprecation warnings can really be headache sometimes. But there are ways to disable it. Here I describe one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To deprecation warnings you have to define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE as true before including any header file. An example code is attached below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr bgcolor=#000040&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;/*******************************************************&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Problem Name&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   Money in the bag&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Problem ID&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Occassion&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    Offline Contest CSEDU Easy Volume&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Algorithm&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Special Case&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Judge Status&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   Accepted&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Author&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;     Saint Atique&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Notes&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*******************************************************/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;iostream&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;cmath&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;cstring&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;new&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;vector&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;queue&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;map&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;algorithm&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;iomanip&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; cout formatting&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;26 &lt;/span&gt;#define INF &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2147483648&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;27 &lt;/span&gt;#define EPS &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1e-8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;28 &lt;/span&gt;using namespace std&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;29 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;30 &lt;/span&gt;int main&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;() {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;31 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;freopen&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;..\\1002_in.txt&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; stdin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;32 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;freopen&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;..\\1002_out.txt&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;w&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; stdout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;33 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;34 &lt;/span&gt; double tk_amount&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;] = {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;};&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;35 &lt;/span&gt; double sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;36 &lt;/span&gt; int i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; n&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;37 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;38 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;++) {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;39 &lt;/span&gt;  cin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;40 &lt;/span&gt;  sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;+=&lt;/span&gt; n &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt; tk_amount&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;];&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;41 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;42 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;43 &lt;/span&gt; cout.setf &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;fixed&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;floatfield&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;44 &lt;/span&gt; cout.setf&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;showpoint&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;45 &lt;/span&gt; cout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;setprecision&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;sum&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot; taka&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;endl&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;46 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;47 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;fclose&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;stdin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;48 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;fclose&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;stdout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;49 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;50 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-4316263170168336161?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/4316263170168336161/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-disable-deprecation-warning-on.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4316263170168336161'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4316263170168336161'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-disable-deprecation-warning-on.html' title='How to Disable Deprecation Warning on Visual Studio'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5879688447659267155</id><published>2010-11-11T12:14:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2010-11-11T12:24:24.202+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Programming References'/><title type='text'>How to Set Precision in C++</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Programmers who use C++ for problem solving may need to set precision before printing floating numbers in standard output.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To display a floating number value of variable result with precision 2 (equivalent to .%2lf in scanf) use following code:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr bgcolor=#000040&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt; cout.setf &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;fixed&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;floatfield&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt; cout.setf&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;showpoint&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt; cout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;setprecision&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;result&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;endl&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Here’s an example code used to solve a problem in easy volume section.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr bgcolor=#000040&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;/*******************************************************&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Problem Name&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   Money in the bag&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Problem ID&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Occassion&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    Offline Contest CSEDU Easy Volume&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Algorithm&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Special Case&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Judge Status&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   Accepted&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Author&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;     Saint Atique&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;  Notes&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*******************************************************/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;iostream&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;cmath&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;cstring&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;new&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;vector&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;queue&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;map&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;algorithm&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;#include &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;iomanip&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; cout formatting&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;26 &lt;/span&gt;#define INF &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2147483648&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;27 &lt;/span&gt;#define EPS &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1e-8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;28 &lt;/span&gt;using namespace std&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;29 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;30 &lt;/span&gt;int main&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;() {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;31 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;freopen&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;..\\1002_in.txt&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; stdin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;32 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;freopen&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;..\\1002_out.txt&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot;w&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; stdout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;33 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;34 &lt;/span&gt; double tk_amount&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;] = {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0.50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;};&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;35 &lt;/span&gt; double sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;36 &lt;/span&gt; int i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; n&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;37 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;38 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;++) {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;39 &lt;/span&gt;  cin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;40 &lt;/span&gt;  sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;+=&lt;/span&gt; n &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt; tk_amount&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;];&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;41 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;42 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;43 &lt;/span&gt; cout.setf &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;fixed&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;floatfield&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;44 &lt;/span&gt; cout.setf&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;ios&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;showpoint&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;45 &lt;/span&gt; cout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;setprecision&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;sum&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;&amp;quot; taka&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;endl&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;46 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;47 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;fclose&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;stdin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;48 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;fclose&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;stdout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;49 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;50 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5879688447659267155?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5879688447659267155/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-set-precision-in-c.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5879688447659267155'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5879688447659267155'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-set-precision-in-c.html' title='How to Set Precision in C++'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-1561201434721300566</id><published>2010-11-10T04:20:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-11-10T04:32:12.373+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='MySQL'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Apache'/><title type='text'>How to change Document Root on WAMP</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;In this post we discuss how to change the www folder in apache based software wamp, which stands for Windows Apache, MySQL, PHP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By default wamp’s www folder is C: \wamp\www. It means if you put a file on that folder for example test.html and enter address like this,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;http://localhost/test.html&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;on the browser it will fetch your test.html page.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To change the default www folder we need to change the configuration file of apache which is httpd.conf (httpd stands for http daemon). Follow the steps given below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Browse to the directory &lt;b&gt;C:\Program Files\wamp\bin\apache\Apache2.2.11\conf&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TNnGLGKtgHI/AAAAAAAAAhY/710_DmbValA/s1600/cdr01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TNnGLGKtgHI/AAAAAAAAAhY/710_DmbValA/s320/cdr01.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Open the file using a text editor i.e. notepad or notepad++ etc.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TNnHBwdDUDI/AAAAAAAAAhc/aERNJTw9Fls/s1600/cdr02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="260" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TNnHBwdDUDI/AAAAAAAAAhc/aERNJTw9Fls/s320/cdr02.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Search for the text ‘DocumentRoot’. You will see a line like this in the search result:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;DocumentRoot "C:/wamp/www"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Edit this line to your preferred directory where your web page files are stored. For example, D:\web&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;DocumentRoot "D:/web/"&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Again search for text ‘&amp;lt;Directory’&lt;br /&gt;On the second result you will see a line like this one:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt;Directory "C:/wamp/www/"&amp;gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;You will have to change this one too.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&amp;lt;Directory "D:/web/"&amp;gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Now clicking wamp icon on the system tray restart all services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Changes will take into effect soon after you refresh localhost pages.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-1561201434721300566?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/1561201434721300566/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-change-document-root-on-wamp.html#comment-form' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1561201434721300566'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1561201434721300566'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-change-document-root-on-wamp.html' title='How to change Document Root on WAMP'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TNnGLGKtgHI/AAAAAAAAAhY/710_DmbValA/s72-c/cdr01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-559417542619905440</id><published>2010-10-16T06:20:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2010-10-16T06:32:38.239+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Chrome'/><title type='text'>Bangla Font Fixing for Google Chrome &amp; Other Windows Software</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;In operating systems like Windows XP, Seven we see Vrinda font by default when&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Visiting a website that does not specify a font for Bangla&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;In Windows Explorer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Typing on any software like MS Office Softs switching keyboard mode using Avro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;What if we could use our favorite bangle font instead of Vrinda? I think it’d be nice. Let’s see how to do it.&lt;br /&gt;Follow the steps given below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Download font fixer from &lt;a hre="http://www.vistaarc.com/download/font_fixer_2.0.0.exe"&gt;http://www.vistaarc.com/download/font_fixer_2.0.0.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;If it is windows seven run it as administrator by right clicking. In Windows XP just double click it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TLjwMVE49MI/AAAAAAAAAhA/ts0eIgj0BdQ/s1600/ff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TLjwMVE49MI/AAAAAAAAAhA/ts0eIgj0BdQ/s1600/ff.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Choose your favorite Bangla font.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Click fix it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Close the window.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Restart the computer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Visit a website using Google Chrome or type Bangla in any other software you’ll see the change. The default font has been set to your favorite one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TLjwo3UMH0I/AAAAAAAAAhE/qNVHcckTHpM/s1600/gc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TLjwo3UMH0I/AAAAAAAAAhE/qNVHcckTHpM/s320/gc.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to enlarge]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-559417542619905440?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/559417542619905440/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/10/bangla-font-fixing-for-google-chrome.html#comment-form' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/559417542619905440'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/559417542619905440'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/10/bangla-font-fixing-for-google-chrome.html' title='Bangla Font Fixing for Google Chrome &amp; Other Windows Software'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TLjwMVE49MI/AAAAAAAAAhA/ts0eIgj0BdQ/s72-c/ff.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5894322482329047463</id><published>2010-10-16T05:22:00.016+06:00</published><updated>2010-10-24T22:17:05.202+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Miscellaneous'/><title type='text'>Xbox 360 Repair Tips for the Speedy Xbox Repair</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Microsoft has revolutionized the gaming scene by the introduction of the Xbox 360 game. This console has gained huge popularity and people even of older age are hooked up with this game all the time. The least favorite thing for the gamers for the Xbox is that if some problem arises in Xbox, and you have to send it to the repair shop or to the Microsoft office for its repair. &amp;nbsp;But, keeping in mind the craze of the people for this gaming console, many new Xbox repair options have been introduced. &amp;nbsp;Moreover, the experts also recommend some &lt;a href="http://www.learnxboxrepair.com/xbox-360-repair-tips.html"&gt;Xbox 360 repair tips&lt;/a&gt;, for repairing the Xbox yourself. Some of the major tips are given below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;One of the major problem reported by the Xbox users, is that the screen suddenly start freezing. The tip in such situation is to unplug the power, and then remove hard drive. After that switch on the gaming console. If the Xbox, starts working then get happy because you have managed to repair the Xbox. If it starts, then the next step is to shut the power off and place the hard drive in its original location inside the console. The same tip can be applied if the “red ring of death” problem arises.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Another tip that can be followed for &lt;a href="http://www.learnxboxrepair.com/"&gt;Xbox repair&lt;/a&gt;is to unplug the power and remove the hard drive. In addition to this remove all the cables that are plugged into the gaming console. If it starts working after this, then you can simply put everything back in its position and then power up the console again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Above are some of the repair tips, if you want to repair the Xbox yourself. But, in case you dont and can afford the repair expanses, you can simply send your Xbox to Microsoft repair office. And if luckily, you are still in warranty, then you don’t even have to pay the charges but your Xbox will be repaired free of cost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Another tip for Xbox repair is that you can rely on any other repair company other than Microsoft, for the repair as Microsoft repair charges are not affordable by everyone. But, before sending your Xbox to any repair company makes sure that the repair company is authentic and reliable. Otherwise your Xbox won’t be repaired insated got worsen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TMRath736EI/AAAAAAAAAhI/klGdmbx2TuA/s1600/Microsoft-Xbox-360-repair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="259" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TMRath736EI/AAAAAAAAAhI/klGdmbx2TuA/s320/Microsoft-Xbox-360-repair.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TMRa-1zZt1I/AAAAAAAAAhM/Rq-7CGUZfzI/s1600/xbox360_heatsink_closup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TMRa-1zZt1I/AAAAAAAAAhM/Rq-7CGUZfzI/s320/xbox360_heatsink_closup.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;In case you have chosen to do Xbox repair yourself, in that case the tip for you is to purchase the repair guides for the repair, but make sure that the guide is authentic and the genuine one and has a money back guarantee. These guides can be really helpful for you but a great tip in respect to guides is that select the guide with the video instruction so that you get the detailed information for repair. So, these Xbox 360 repair tips are really helpful for you, if your Xbox is not working properly and you want it to get repaired as soon as possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;-- Written by:&lt;br /&gt;Alisha John (Guest blogger)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5894322482329047463?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5894322482329047463/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/10/xbox-360-repair-tips-for-speedy-xbox.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5894322482329047463'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5894322482329047463'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/10/xbox-360-repair-tips-for-speedy-xbox.html' title='Xbox 360 Repair Tips for the Speedy Xbox Repair'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TMRath736EI/AAAAAAAAAhI/klGdmbx2TuA/s72-c/Microsoft-Xbox-360-repair.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-1696222338296778343</id><published>2010-08-27T17:31:00.007+06:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T04:21:14.133+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><title type='text'>Avro Keyboard 4.5.3 and UniBijoy</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Avro Keyboard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THekhpn93VI/AAAAAAAAAfo/_aR41Jteb7o/s1600/avro-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THekhpn93VI/AAAAAAAAAfo/_aR41Jteb7o/s320/avro-02.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Keyboard"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Avro Keyboard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt; is the most popular Bangla typing software. It is used world-wide by Bangla speaking people. Avro Keyboard project is developed and maintained by OmicronLab which they deliver free. Another software named Bijoy Keyboard exists on the market. Bijoy is losing because of it’s owner’s harsh business policies. There are several allegations against the proprietor of closed source Bijoy software. He issued a lawsuit against Avro Keyboard along with making abusive comments against Avro Keyboard and its developers in public.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;People who are used to Bijoy Keyboard layout use Unibijoy, a fixed tradional keyboard layout with Avro. There are many differences between Bijoy Keyboard Layout and UniBijoy layout. Nobody finds a reason to patent keyboard layouts since these keyboard layouts aren’t productions of neither creativity nor merit! A patent should always protect a unique work of merit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THetGmz2MOI/AAAAAAAAAfw/W236G2M3sDo/s1600/avro-05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THetGmz2MOI/AAAAAAAAAfw/W236G2M3sDo/s320/avro-05.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 15px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Because of his (proprietor of Bijoy) desperate attempts to remove UniBijoy from Avro software he succeeded to slap the pride of Bangla speaking people’s right to choose their desired keyboard layouts. Bangla speaking people are disappointed on this kind of business with Bangla language. Bangla is the only language for the love of which many Bangla speaking people were martyred in 1952. They are remembered with great honors, respects and love every year on 21st February which is also founded as International Mother Language day. Hence this is never expected that software for writing Bangla will be a part of Business.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THetZrm25vI/AAAAAAAAAf4/-qWt9I9961Y/s1600/avro-04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THetZrm25vI/AAAAAAAAAf4/-qWt9I9961Y/s320/avro-04.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Avro Keyboard has a new release 4.5.3. UniBijoy adopters are worrying about the removed keyboard layout. But there’s a way out! Download the new software from the below links.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Avro keyboard is available at the following URL: &lt;a href="http://www.omicronlab.com/avro-keyboard.html"&gt;http://www.omicronlab.com/avro-keyboard.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Because omicron-lab server is down (till 31st August, 2010) because of bandwidth limit (sign of popularity, huh!) exceed you have to download avro keyboard from the following links:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;a href="http://goromcha.com/setup_avrokeyboard_4.5.3.exe"&gt;http://goromcha.com/setup_avrokeyboard_4.5.3.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://jadewits.com/avro/setup_avrokeyboard_4.5.3.exe"&gt;http://jadewits.com/avro/setup_avrokeyboard_4.5.3.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://niponwave.com/download/setup_avrokeyboard_4.5.3.exe"&gt;http://niponwave.com/download/setup_avrokeyboard_4.5.3.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;MD5 Hash: bd6bcefd77abf3e31ec763eb4e9be873&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;For portable editions visit here:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;a href="http://www.vistaarc.com/downloads/omicronlab-is-temporarilly-down"&gt;http://www.vistaarc.com/downloads/omicronlab-is-temporarilly-down&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;How to use UniBijoy in Avro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;There’s a component in Avro Keyboard called Keyboard Layout Editor. You can create your own keyboard layout in Avro. Also you can save the keyboard as a file and share with others.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Be careful. If it looks like Bijoy Keyboard the uncle may mind.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THehg8BB3PI/AAAAAAAAAfY/GuzGbXpYy3I/s1600/kagu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THehg8BB3PI/AAAAAAAAAfY/GuzGbXpYy3I/s320/kagu.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Hence it’s your responsibility if you are a victim of new lawsuit by using a keyboard layout like mine!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Here’s a Unibijoy like keyboard layout you can download and use for writing Bangla.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://saosx.com/Downloads/UniBijoy.avrolayout"&gt;http://saosx.com/Downloads/UniBijoy.avrolayout&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;After downloading the keyboard layout copy it to avro’s keyboard layout folder:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;C:\Program Files\Avro Keyboard\Keyboard Layouts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;If your installation directory is different it will be different too.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Now exit avro keyboard and start again. Select UniBijoy from Keyboard Layout menu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THeiAYfrbEI/AAAAAAAAAfg/dF-vPhaSEZw/s1600/avro-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THeiAYfrbEI/AAAAAAAAAfg/dF-vPhaSEZw/s320/avro-03.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;You’re done. Now you can start typing Bangla with any application that supports Unicode.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-1696222338296778343?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/1696222338296778343/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/avro-keyboard-453-and-unibijoy.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1696222338296778343'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1696222338296778343'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/avro-keyboard-453-and-unibijoy.html' title='Avro Keyboard 4.5.3 and UniBijoy'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/THekhpn93VI/AAAAAAAAAfo/_aR41Jteb7o/s72-c/avro-02.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-4900895174636352875</id><published>2010-08-18T23:16:00.010+06:00</published><updated>2010-10-28T14:55:23.113+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Solaris'/><title type='text'>Booting Solaris Operating System using Windows Boot Loader</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To dual boot Unix and Windows usually we use GRUB bootloader. Here I will describe the process to boot Solaris (also applies to other Unix/Linux) using Windows Boot Loader which is installed by default for Windows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We assume you have installed Solaris after Windows and you are using Solaris grub to boot Operating Systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Solaris mark Windows primary partition as active. Follow &lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/how-to-mark-partition-as-active-windows.html"&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt; for instructions on how to mark partitions active.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Backup the windows mbr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/dsk/c0d0p0 of=/mbrbackup bs=512 count=1&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;           // assuming your hard-drive is c0d0p0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Install solaris mbr(instructions goes here: &lt;a href="http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-2723/disksxadd-45774?a=view"&gt;http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-2723/disksxadd-45774?a=view&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Copy the solaris mbr as solmbr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/dev/rdsk/c0d0p0 of=/solmbr bs=512 count=1 (dsk or rdsk?) &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Copy this solmbr in your USB drive or mounting an windows partition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Load the windows mbr (previously copied into a file)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# dd if=/mbrbackup of=/dev/dsk/c0d0p0 bs=446 count=1&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;// bs =446 to keep the previously install Solaris Boot information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Now boot to your windows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Copy the file solmbr from USB-drive to your C:\ logging into Windows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Windows XP (booting Linux/ UNIX from XP boot manager)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Windows XP boot manager is very simple and nice one as this is only a file called boot.ini. The entries in this file are like below: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;[boot loader]&lt;br /&gt;timeout=30 &lt;br /&gt;default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT &lt;br /&gt;[operating systems] &lt;br /&gt;multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Add a line to this file like this C:\solmbr="Solaris". After restarting your PC you find a Solaris entry in boot menu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Using Windows Vista/Seven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click Start Menu&gt; All Programs&gt; Accessories. Right click Command Prompt and rus as administrator. Now type&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;c:&gt; bcdedit /create {ntldr} /d "Solaris" &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;                (Notice, every command gives a success notification after it completes without errors. If the above command has not worked use bcdedit /copy {ntldr} /d "Solaris").&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now type&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;c:&gt; bcdedit /set {ntldr} device boot &lt;br /&gt;c:&gt; bcdedit /set {ntldr} path \solmbr &lt;br /&gt;c:&gt; bcdedit /displayorder {ntldr} /addlast&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;               // to add in top use /addfirst&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After restart you wil find a new entry in boot menu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-4900895174636352875?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/4900895174636352875/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/booting-solaris-operating-system-using.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4900895174636352875'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4900895174636352875'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/booting-solaris-operating-system-using.html' title='Booting Solaris Operating System using Windows Boot Loader'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6832188352753904423</id><published>2010-08-18T21:39:00.005+06:00</published><updated>2010-08-18T22:26:40.537+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Solaris'/><title type='text'>How to mark a partition as active (Windows, Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora etc) Unix (Solaris))</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;All operating systems have the feature of marking partitions as active. I’ll provide helps for Windows, Linux and Unix (Solaris)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Using Windows XP to mark partitions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Enter into disk management (click run from start menu and type diskmgmt.msc).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Right click the primary partition you want to mark as active.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Click Mark Partition as Active and it's done.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Changes will take effect after reboot.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Using Windows Vista/Seven to mark partitions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click Start Menu&gt; Programs&gt; Accessories. Right click Command Prompt and rus as administrator. Now type&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;c:&gt;  diskpart &lt;br /&gt;   diskpart&gt; select disk 0          // list command will list available disks &lt;br /&gt;   diskpart&gt; select partition 1     // list partition will list partitions &lt;br /&gt;   diskpart&gt; active                 // mark selected object as active &lt;br /&gt;   diskpart&gt; exit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;You have to provide your own partition number instead of partition no. 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;N.B: If you have Windows Vista in your System be careful. Because Windows Vista Boot Manager have bugs. It may mess up after changing active boot flags.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Using Linux to mark partitions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In Ubuntu/Fedora/Suse CD/DVD you have to use this command&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;[sa@ispros.com.bd ]$ fdisk /dev/sdaX&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;where X = partition which you want to mark or unmark then use ‘m’ to modify active flag. Press w to store the modification upon completion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;How to mark another partition as active on Solaris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If you can boot into your Solaris OS, boot into Solaris System&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enter following command to modify Solaris Root Partition,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;[root@ispros.com.bd ]# fdisk /dev/rdsk/c0d0p0&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Depending on your disk configuration this can be c0d1p0 etc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  To select "Specify an active partition" press 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Then Select partition no.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Then press 5 (to save changes and exit).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If you have Solaris but you cannot boot into Solaris and you have Solaris DVD/CD. Then boot from CD/DVD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Select console&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  In console type the same commands we used previously with Solaris OS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6832188352753904423?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6832188352753904423/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/how-to-mark-partition-as-active-windows.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6832188352753904423'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6832188352753904423'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/how-to-mark-partition-as-active-windows.html' title='How to mark a partition as active (Windows, Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora etc) Unix (Solaris))'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5697907449287548949</id><published>2010-08-18T17:17:00.006+06:00</published><updated>2010-12-01T16:25:11.986+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><title type='text'>Easy way of installing Google Chrome on Latest Fedora Core Releases (11, 12, 13, 14 or greater)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Create a repo file for Google Chrome. You can use commands like this “vi /etc/yum.repos.d/google.repo” and use the paste feature from gnome terminal’s menus to add the following lines into the file.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;[google]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;name=Google - i386&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/i386&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;enabled=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;gpgcheck=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;gpgkey=https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[google-chrome]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;name=google-chrome&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/i386&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;enabled=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;gpgcheck=1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then apply the following command to install google chrome using yum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;[root@ispros.com.bd ]# yum --enablerepo=google install google-chrome&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Here’s the sample output:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit&lt;br /&gt;Setting up Install Process&lt;br /&gt;Resolving Dependencies&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&gt; Package google-chrome-beta.i386 0:5.0.375.99-51029 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Processing Dependency: lsb &gt;= 3.2 for package: google-chrome-beta-5.0.375.99-51029.i386&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&gt; Package redhat-lsb.i686 0:3.2-7.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/pax for package: redhat-lsb-3.2-7.fc12.i686&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/foomatic-rip for package: redhat-lsb-3.2-7.fc12.i686&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&gt; Package foomatic.i686 0:4.0.4-1.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Processing Dependency: foomatic-db for package: foomatic-4.0.4-1.fc12.i686&lt;br /&gt;---&gt; Package pax.i686 0:3.4-10.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&gt; Package foomatic-db.noarch 0:4.0-8.20091126.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Processing Dependency: foomatic-db-ppds = 4.0-8.20091126.fc12 for package: foomatic-db-4.0-8.20091126.fc12.noarch&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Processing Dependency: foomatic-db-filesystem = 4.0-8.20091126.fc12 for package: foomatic-db-4.0-8.20091126.fc12.noarch&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&gt; Package foomatic-db-filesystem.noarch 0:4.0-8.20091126.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;---&gt; Package foomatic-db-ppds.noarch 0:4.0-8.20091126.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; Finished Dependency Resolution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dependencies Resolved&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt; Package                   Arch      Version                   Repository  Size&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Installing:&lt;br /&gt; google-chrome-beta        i386      5.0.375.99-51029          google      22 M&lt;br /&gt;Installing for dependencies:&lt;br /&gt; foomatic                  i686      4.0.4-1.fc12              updates    241 k&lt;br /&gt; foomatic-db               noarch    4.0-8.20091126.fc12       updates    1.0 M&lt;br /&gt; foomatic-db-filesystem    noarch    4.0-8.20091126.fc12       updates    4.4 k&lt;br /&gt; foomatic-db-ppds          noarch    4.0-8.20091126.fc12       updates     19 M&lt;br /&gt; pax                       i686      3.4-10.fc12               fedora      67 k&lt;br /&gt; redhat-lsb                i686      3.2-7.fc12                fedora      26 k&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Transaction Summary&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Install       7 Package(s)&lt;br /&gt;Upgrade       0 Package(s)&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When google chrome is installed it installs its own repo file which is google-chrome.repo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hence delete your created repo to avoid conflicts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# rm /etc/yum.repos.d/google.repo&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you need to update google chrome to next stable release use the following command. Keep sure to close opened google chrome windows during installation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# yum install google-chrome-stable&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To update to beta release use following command. Keep sure to close opened google chrome windows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# yum install google-chrome-beta&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some screenshots of Google Chrome on Fedora Core:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYhC2hmsDI/AAAAAAAAAiI/NxzghDpd3Co/s1600/Google+Chrome+Linux+theme.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="230" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYhC2hmsDI/AAAAAAAAAiI/NxzghDpd3Co/s320/Google+Chrome+Linux+theme.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click the image to zoom]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYiO18E37I/AAAAAAAAAiQ/VMVv4eyLI8o/s1600/Screenshot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYiO18E37I/AAAAAAAAAiQ/VMVv4eyLI8o/s320/Screenshot.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click the image to zoom]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5697907449287548949?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5697907449287548949/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/easy-way-of-installing-google-chrome-on.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5697907449287548949'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5697907449287548949'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/easy-way-of-installing-google-chrome-on.html' title='Easy way of installing Google Chrome on Latest Fedora Core Releases (11, 12, 13, 14 or greater)'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TPYhC2hmsDI/AAAAAAAAAiI/NxzghDpd3Co/s72-c/Google+Chrome+Linux+theme.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6512376219141857480</id><published>2010-08-18T16:45:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2010-08-18T16:49:23.384+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>Cannot boot Ubuntu 10.04 after installation of Ubuntu or after installation of Windows Seven</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You have just installed Ubuntu 10.04 but you cannot boot to it. System boot straights to Windows Seven and you are feeling deceived. I also faced this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;May be there’s a problem with Ubuntu 10.04 distro that’s happening with some PCs having Windows Seven.  Well here’s a fix. Follow the steps.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Boot the system using Live CD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Press Alt+F2 and enter gnome-terminal command. And continue by entering:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ sudo fdisk -l&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It shows partition table. Here’s mine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;/dev/sda1 29 8369 66999082+ 83 Linux&lt;br /&gt;/dev/sda2 * 8370 13995 45190845 7 HPFS/NTFS&lt;br /&gt;/dev/sda3 13996 14593 4803435 5 Extended&lt;br /&gt;/dev/sda5 13996 14593 4803403+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now mount Linux boot partition. As you can see from the output of previous command it was sda1 for my system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt&lt;br /&gt;$ sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev&lt;br /&gt;$ sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now chroot into the enviroment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ sudo chroot /mnt&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After chrooting, we need not add sudo before commands.&lt;br /&gt;You may want to edit /etc/default/grub file to fit your system (timeout options etc)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# vi /etc/default/grub&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;After edition press ESC &amp; then :wq to store and exit. Now install/recover Grub2 via command:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now you can exit the chroot, umount the system and reboot your system:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# exit&lt;br /&gt;$ sudo umount /mnt/dev&lt;br /&gt;$ sudo umount /mnt/proc&lt;br /&gt;$ sudo umount /mnt&lt;br /&gt;$ sudo reboot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6512376219141857480?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6512376219141857480/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/cannot-boot-ubuntu-1004-after.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6512376219141857480'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6512376219141857480'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/cannot-boot-ubuntu-1004-after.html' title='Cannot boot Ubuntu 10.04 after installation of Ubuntu or after installation of Windows Seven'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6885039757068943791</id><published>2010-08-18T16:18:00.006+06:00</published><updated>2010-08-18T21:21:24.851+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Solaris'/><title type='text'>How to concatenate/merge Solaris 10 DVD image segments</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here's an example how to merge segments in Unix or Unix like systems:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;[sa@ispros.com.bd ]$ cat sol-10-u8-ga-sparc-dvd-iso-a sol-10-u8-ga-sparc-dvd-iso-b &gt; \&lt;br /&gt;sol-10-GA-sp-dvd.iso&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Windows system, concatenate the files using the following command:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;D:\&gt; copy /b sol-10-u8-ga-x86-dvd-iso-a + sol-10-u8-ga-x86-dvd-iso-b \&lt;br /&gt;sol-10-u8-ga-x86-dvd.iso&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The result is a true ISO image that you can use to burn a DVD. &lt;br /&gt;Use software like Nero or MagicISO to burn the DVD in Windows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6885039757068943791?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6885039757068943791/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/how-to-concatenatemerge-solaris-10-dvd.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6885039757068943791'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6885039757068943791'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/how-to-concatenatemerge-solaris-10-dvd.html' title='How to concatenate/merge Solaris 10 DVD image segments'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-2850363563935779434</id><published>2010-08-18T06:45:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-09-23T06:16:44.524+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><title type='text'>Why micrsoft.com doesn’t reply to ping</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;[sa@localhost ]$ ping www.microsoft.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pinging lb1.www.ms.akadns.net [65.55.21.250] with 32 bytes of data:&lt;br /&gt;Request timed out.&lt;br /&gt;Request timed out.&lt;br /&gt;Request timed out.&lt;br /&gt;Request timed out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ping statistics for 65.55.21.250:&lt;br /&gt;    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do you know why Micrsoft.com doesn’t replies to ping?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ping is a powerful small command line tool. Seeing the output of ping command a security analyst or hacker can grab important information about the target hosts. Target hosts can be web servers or a pc on local area network. Information includes Operating System &amp; Version, availability of host etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-2850363563935779434?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/2850363563935779434/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/why-micrsoftcom-doesnt-replies-to-ping.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2850363563935779434'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2850363563935779434'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/08/why-micrsoftcom-doesnt-replies-to-ping.html' title='Why micrsoft.com doesn’t reply to ping'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-3396137144749652902</id><published>2010-06-04T23:25:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-06-04T23:34:50.592+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Chrome'/><title type='text'>Why Google Chrome Frequently Crashes? [Solved]</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Do you have Internet Download Manager (IDM) installed on your PC? Do you face frequent crashes on Google Chrome? Or cannot load certain web pages like twitter.com or some flashy pages, just hangs or shows alien behavior?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TAk1iOEtHMI/AAAAAAAAAeI/p63W5OAlhI8/s1600/ChromeCrash01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TAk1iOEtHMI/AAAAAAAAAeI/p63W5OAlhI8/s320/ChromeCrash01.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig: Google Chrome 5.0.375.55 just crashed&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;I faced this problem. I was always using stable releases of Google Chrome. Still having it hang I was really frustrated. However I found the cause after doing some experiments. The idea might came from a discussion of web forum or may Google’s help discussion. Someone was talking about uninstalling IDM.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But you need not uninstall it. You just need to disable “advanced browser integration” for Google Chrome was enabled in idm. Open IDM main window as shown in image below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TAk2LKGGclI/AAAAAAAAAeQ/PIBX3aQ1-ig/s1600/ChromeCrash02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TAk2LKGGclI/AAAAAAAAAeQ/PIBX3aQ1-ig/s320/ChromeCrash02.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig: IDM Main Window&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click options button. Under General tab. Under the text ‘Capture downloads from the following browsers’ un-tick Google Chrome.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TAk2vdz1CaI/AAAAAAAAAeY/8TSc8DUM_4Q/s1600/ChromeCrash03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TAk2vdz1CaI/AAAAAAAAAeY/8TSc8DUM_4Q/s320/ChromeCrash03.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click Ok. You’re done. After doing that I think you’ll never face crashes again like me. Though it could be better if Internet Download Manager Company had fixed their integration problem. Have fun with Google Chrome OS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-3396137144749652902?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/3396137144749652902/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/06/why-google-chrome-frequently-crashes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3396137144749652902'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3396137144749652902'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/06/why-google-chrome-frequently-crashes.html' title='Why Google Chrome Frequently Crashes? [Solved]'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TAk1iOEtHMI/AAAAAAAAAeI/p63W5OAlhI8/s72-c/ChromeCrash01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-1217039572877082155</id><published>2010-05-31T22:13:00.016+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-31T23:56:24.671+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Web Technologies'/><title type='text'>Yahoo Group Moderator Privileges Controlled by Owners</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Moderators can change delivery and posting settings for individual members. Owners can check the additional privileges they want to give the moderators which are noted below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Enable/Disable Notifications for Moderators&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Notify moderator when there are pending messages/memberships which require approval.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Notify moderator when a member joins/leaves this group or new files uploaded.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Notify moderator when there are pending messages which have been identified as possible spam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Assign Moderator Privileges&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Approve pending messages  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Add, remove, and change moderator privileges&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Approve pending members  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Set auto-send options for files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Invite and add members  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Change group settings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Remove members and reset bouncing members&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Delete this group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;      &lt;span style='font-family:Wingdings'&gt;Ø&lt;/span&gt;  Ban members&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-1217039572877082155?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/1217039572877082155/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/yahoo-group-moderator-privileges.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1217039572877082155'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/1217039572877082155'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/yahoo-group-moderator-privileges.html' title='Yahoo Group Moderator Privileges Controlled by Owners'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6740075181315781269</id><published>2010-05-06T04:59:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-12-24T04:12:56.319+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VHDL Programming'/><title type='text'>Design of an 8 to 3 Encoder using 4 to 2 encoders as components</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Problem 1: Design of a 4 to 2 Encoder (Behavioral)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We first design a 4 to 2 Encoder. Then using 4 to 2 Encoder we construct 8 to 3 Encoder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- Encoder4To2.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- O(1) is MSB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- O(0) is LSB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;library&lt;/span&gt; IEEE&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;use&lt;/span&gt; IEEE.std_logic_1164.&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; Encoder4To2 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic_vector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;          O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic_vector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Encoder4To2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; EncIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; Encoder4To2 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;OR&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;OR&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; EncIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Problem: Design of an 8 to 3 Encoder (Structural)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here's a diagram of 8 to 3 Encoder. In the image displayed below we see that input is a vector I which is a collection of 8 inputs (0 to 7). Output of 4 to 2 Encoder 1 are X0 and X1 and Output of 4 to 2 Encoder 2 are X2 and X3. Now a combinational logic which is implementation for several exressions  calculates the output and store in vector O.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There's one special case to consider! There are 2 cases when output of X(0) = X(1) = X(2) = X(3) = 0. We have to give unique outputs for each case. To distinguish them we add I(4) in the expression of O(0).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TRPGTGg6goI/AAAAAAAAAjA/dGPQak50jdQ/s1600/enc8to4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="238" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TRPGTGg6goI/AAAAAAAAAjA/dGPQak50jdQ/s400/enc8to4.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click the image to enlarge&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;--&lt;/span&gt; Encoder8To3.vhd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;library IEEE&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;use&lt;/span&gt; IEEE.std_logic_1164.all&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;entity Encoder8To3 is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;    port&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  in std_logic_vector&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;          O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   out std_logic_vector&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Encoder8To3&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;architecture EncIns of Encoder8To3 is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;component Encoder4To2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;    port&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; CI&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  in std_logic_vector&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;          CO&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   out std_logic_vector&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; component&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;signal X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; std_logic_vector&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;begin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;    E1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; Encoder4To2 port map&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CI&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; CO &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;    E2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; Encoder4To2 port map&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CI&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; CO &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; downto &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; or X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; or I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; or X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;26 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; or X&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;27 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; EncIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6740075181315781269?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6740075181315781269/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/design-of-8-to-3-encoder-using-4-to-2.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6740075181315781269'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6740075181315781269'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/design-of-8-to-3-encoder-using-4-to-2.html' title='Design of an 8 to 3 Encoder using 4 to 2 encoders as components'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/TRPGTGg6goI/AAAAAAAAAjA/dGPQak50jdQ/s72-c/enc8to4.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-2546330513055496472</id><published>2010-05-06T04:56:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-06T04:56:10.220+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VHDL Programming'/><title type='text'>Design of D Flip flop</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem 1: Design a D Flip Flop Circuit (Behavioral)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- DFF.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; DFF &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CLK&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Reset&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; DATA&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;                  Q&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; DFF&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; DFFProc &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; DFF &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;    p1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;process&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CLK&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Reset&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;Reset &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;'1'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;            Q &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;'0'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;elsif&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CLK&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;' event and CLK = '&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;') then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;            Q &amp;lt;= DATA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;        end if;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;    end process p1;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;end DFFProc;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem 2:  Design a D Flip Flop Circuit (Structural)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- DFF_struct.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;library&lt;/span&gt; IEEE&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;use&lt;/span&gt; IEEE.std_logic_1164.&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; DFFStruct &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CLK&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Reset&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; DATA&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;                  Q&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; DFFStruct&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; DFFProc &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; DFFStruct &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;component&lt;/span&gt; DFF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;D&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; CLR&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; CLK&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;              Output&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;DFFcomp1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; DFF &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;D &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; DATA&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; CLR &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; Reset&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;                    CLK &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; CLK&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Output &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; Q &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; DFFProc&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-2546330513055496472?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/2546330513055496472/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/design-of-d-flip-flop.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2546330513055496472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2546330513055496472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/design-of-d-flip-flop.html' title='Design of D Flip flop'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-9089159755147335475</id><published>2010-05-06T04:51:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-08T16:25:28.848+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VHDL Programming'/><title type='text'>Designing Shifters and Rotators using VHDL</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem 1: Design an 8 bit left rotator (Behavioral/Structural)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- LeftRotator.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- 1 bit left rotator controlled by clock's rising edge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- to use rising_edge std_logic_1164 has to be imported&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- the parameter of rising_edge() should be std_logic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;library&lt;/span&gt; IEEE&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;use&lt;/span&gt; IEEE.std_logic_1164.&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; LR &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CLK&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;    I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic_vector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic_vector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; LR&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; LRins &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; LR &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;process&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;wait until&lt;/span&gt; rising_edge&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;CLK&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;        O &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; I &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end process&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; LRins&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem: Design a 8 bit device that can perform following operations on receiving according commands. (Behavioral/Structural)&lt;br /&gt;when command input is&lt;br /&gt;000 (reset) gives same ouput as input&lt;br /&gt;001 left shift 1 bit&lt;br /&gt;010 left shift 2 bit&lt;br /&gt;011 right shift 1 bit&lt;br /&gt;100 right shift 2 bit&lt;br /&gt;101 left rotate 3 bit&lt;br /&gt;110 right rotate 3 bit&lt;br /&gt;111 swap left 4 bits with right&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- shifterAndRotator.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- 8 bit shifter and rotator with commands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- for operations for specific amount of bits to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- shift or rotate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;library&lt;/span&gt; IEEE&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;use&lt;/span&gt; IEEE.std_logic_1164.&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; SR &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic_vector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;           Cmd&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic_vector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;        Output&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;std_logic_vector&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; SR&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; SRIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; SR &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;with&lt;/span&gt; Cmd &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;select&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;    Output &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; Input &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;000&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;        Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;'0'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;001&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;        Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;00&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;010&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;        Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ffa0a0"&gt;'0'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;011&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;        Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;00&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;        Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;101&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;        Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;110&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;        Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;Input&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;101&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;26 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; SRIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-9089159755147335475?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/9089159755147335475/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/designing-adders-using-vhdl.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/9089159755147335475'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/9089159755147335475'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/designing-adders-using-vhdl.html' title='Designing Shifters and Rotators using VHDL'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5749692106104044287</id><published>2010-05-06T04:42:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-06T04:42:41.773+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VHDL Programming'/><title type='text'>Adder Design using VHDL</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem 1: Design a Half Adder (Behavioral)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- HALF_Adder_behavioral.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; Half_Adder &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;        A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;        S&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Half_Adder&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; struct &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; Half_Adder &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;    S &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; A &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;xor&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;    C &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; A &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; struct&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem 2: Design a Full Adder using Half Adders as components (Behavioral/Structural)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- FullAdder_Structural.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; FULL_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;        S&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Cout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; FULL_ADDER&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; FAIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; FULL_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;component&lt;/span&gt; HALF_ADDER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;I1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;        Carry&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sum&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;component&lt;/span&gt; OR_GATE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;I1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;I2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;                O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#26e0e7"&gt;signal&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; X2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; X3&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;    HA1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; HALF_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;        I1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Carry &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;    HA2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; HALF_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;        I1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Carry &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X3&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; S&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;    OR1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; OR_GATE    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;        I1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X3&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; O &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; Cout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;26 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; FAIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5749692106104044287?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5749692106104044287/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/adder-design-using-vhdl.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5749692106104044287'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5749692106104044287'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/adder-design-using-vhdl.html' title='Adder Design using VHDL'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6356014365053140777</id><published>2010-05-06T03:39:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-06T03:42:10.930+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VHDL Programming'/><title type='text'>Multiplexors Design in VHDL</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem 1: Design a 2 to 1 Multiplexor (Behavioral/Structural)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- Mux2To1.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; Mux2To1 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; Ain&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Bin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;                    Yout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Mux2to1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; MuxIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; Mux2To1 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;    Yout &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;= (&lt;/span&gt;Ain &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; Sin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;))&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;or&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;Bin &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; Sin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; MuxIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem: Design a 4 to 1 Multiplexor (Behavioral/Structural)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- Mux4To1.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- case must be inside a process&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; Mux4To1 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT_VECTOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;         Sin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT_VECTOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;     Mux_out&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Mux4to1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; MuxIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; Mux4To1 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;    p1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;process&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;I&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sin&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;case&lt;/span&gt; Sin &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;00&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;                Mux_out &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; I &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;01&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;                Mux_out &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; I &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;                Mux_out &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; I &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;when&lt;/span&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&amp;quot; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;                Mux_out &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; I &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end case&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end process&lt;/span&gt; p1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; MuxIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6356014365053140777?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6356014365053140777/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/multiplexors.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6356014365053140777'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6356014365053140777'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/multiplexors.html' title='Multiplexors Design in VHDL'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-7838919092891375817</id><published>2010-05-06T03:35:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-06T03:35:02.377+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VHDL Programming'/><title type='text'>VHDL Half Adder and Full Adder Design</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem: Design a Half Adder (Behavioral)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- HALF_Adder_behavioral.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; Half_Adder &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;        A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;        S&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Half_Adder&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; struct &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; Half_Adder &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;    S &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; A &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;xor&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;    C &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;&amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; A &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; struct&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Problem: Design a Full Adder using Half Adders components (Structural)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- FullAdder_Structural.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; FULL_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;        S&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Cout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; FULL_ADDER&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; FAIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; FULL_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;component&lt;/span&gt; HALF_ADDER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;I1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;        Carry&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sum&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;component&lt;/span&gt; OR_GATE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;I1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;I2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;                O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#26e0e7"&gt;signal&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; X2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; X3&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;    HA1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; HALF_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;        I1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Carry &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;    HA2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; HALF_ADDER &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;        I1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Carry &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X3&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Sum &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; S&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;    OR1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; OR_GATE    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;        I1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X3&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; O &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; Cout&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;26 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; FAIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-7838919092891375817?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/7838919092891375817/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/vhdl-half-adder-and-full-adder-design.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7838919092891375817'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7838919092891375817'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/vhdl-half-adder-and-full-adder-design.html' title='VHDL Half Adder and Full Adder Design'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-7150515054857697424</id><published>2010-05-06T00:41:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-06T01:30:11.474+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='VHDL Programming'/><title type='text'>VHDL: 2 To 4 Decoder(Behavioral), 3 To 8 Decoder (Structural)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;VHDL Code 2 to 4 Decoder Behavioral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- Decoder2To4_Behavioral.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; Decoder2to4 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;            O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT_VECTOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Decoder2To4&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; DecIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; Decoder2To4 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;= (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;= (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; A &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; A &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; DecIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;VHDL Code 3 to 8 Decoder (Structural) using 2 To 4 as component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;pre style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#000040; font-size:10pt; font-family:'Courier New';"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- Decoder3To8.vhd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff7f9f"&gt;-- Using Decoder 2 To 4 as component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;entity&lt;/span&gt; Decoder3To8 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 6 &lt;/span&gt;            O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT_VECTOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; Decoder3To8&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 8 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt; 9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;architecture&lt;/span&gt; DecIns &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; Decoder3To8 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;component&lt;/span&gt; Decoder2to4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;I1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;            Odec&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;out&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT_VECTOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end component&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#26e0e7"&gt;signal&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#60ff60"&gt;BIT_VECTOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;15 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;17 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;18 &lt;/span&gt;Dec2To4_1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;    Decoder2To4 &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;port map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;I1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; I2 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; Odec&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) =&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; X1 &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;downto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;21 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;22 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;23 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;26 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;27 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;28 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;29 &lt;/span&gt;    O&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;) &amp;lt;=&lt;/span&gt; X1&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#42cad9"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e5d28e"&gt;30 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#e2e825"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt; DecIns&lt;span style="color:#bababa"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-7150515054857697424?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/7150515054857697424/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/vhdl-2-to-4-decoder.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7150515054857697424'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7150515054857697424'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/vhdl-2-to-4-decoder.html' title='VHDL: 2 To 4 Decoder(Behavioral), 3 To 8 Decoder (Structural)'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6630050059036195294</id><published>2010-05-05T23:36:00.005+06:00</published><updated>2010-05-05T23:58:12.994+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows Seven'/><title type='text'>Windows Seven: "Windows could not start the Windows Event Log Service on Local Computer" and winsock</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Today I sat on my PC like other days. It took long time to boot into The Windows Seven Desktop. When it booted it showed an error notification.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: red; font-size: small;"&gt;"Failed to connect to a windows service -  Windows could not connect to the System Event Notification service.  This problem prevents limited users from logging on to the system.  As an administrator user, you can review the System Event Log for details about why the service didn't respond."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;So I tried to enable system event log service myself from services.msc. It reported another error!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: red; font-size: small;"&gt;Windows could not start the Windows Event Log Service on Local Computer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Error 1747: the authentication service is unknown. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Also I got an error when trying to activate network interface.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: red; font-size: small;"&gt;Unable to Initialize Windows Sockets Interface&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I tried manythings. Like I was thinking if Kaspersky Internet Security has got the control. So uninstall it. Tried to enable, disable couple of services. Nothing solved it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally the trick of resetting socket interface really worked. To reset the socket interface I opened a command prompt by clicking run as administrator. Then applied the following command.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;C:&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;netsh winsock reset&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt; Then I restarted the PC. Everything got fixed. It saved the day.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6630050059036195294?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6630050059036195294/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/windows-seven-windows-could-not-start.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6630050059036195294'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6630050059036195294'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/05/windows-seven-windows-could-not-start.html' title='Windows Seven: &quot;Windows could not start the Windows Event Log Service on Local Computer&quot; and winsock'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-9134817976084238793</id><published>2010-02-23T01:34:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-23T01:38:30.956+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IM Clients'/><title type='text'>How to Enable Vertical Scrollbar on Google Talk</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;By default the vertical scrollbar is not enabled on Google Talk. To enable it all you have to do is to perform a click. Let me show you where to do the click.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S4LaXyQWrvI/AAAAAAAAAco/tfF8Ik8d7KU/s1600-h/GT01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S4LaXyQWrvI/AAAAAAAAAco/tfF8Ik8d7KU/s320/GT01.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Google Talk Default View [Click image to zoom]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;You will see there is an option named 'View' at the bottom of the Google Talk window. Click it. A pop menu will be unfolded as shown in image below. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S4Lab63IuMI/AAAAAAAAAcw/KYTuCyr4wT0/s1600-h/GT02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S4Lab63IuMI/AAAAAAAAAcw/KYTuCyr4wT0/s320/GT02.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Google Talk View Menu [Click image to zoom]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now untick "Show one page".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hola! A scrollbar is enabled instantly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S4LafmqCeqI/AAAAAAAAAc4/48WC-otFA2Y/s1600-h/GT03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S4LafmqCeqI/AAAAAAAAAc4/48WC-otFA2Y/s320/GT03.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Google Talk Scrollbar Enabled [Click image to zoom]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Still not cool enough?! Use Google Talk from today coz you might hate ads on cool IM softwares!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-9134817976084238793?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/9134817976084238793/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/how-to-enable-vertical-scrollbar-on.html#comment-form' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/9134817976084238793'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/9134817976084238793'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/how-to-enable-vertical-scrollbar-on.html' title='How to Enable Vertical Scrollbar on Google Talk'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S4LaXyQWrvI/AAAAAAAAAco/tfF8Ik8d7KU/s72-c/GT01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5862207500609840552</id><published>2010-02-20T03:32:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-20T03:47:21.543+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IM Clients'/><title type='text'>Connecting to yahoo messenger / being online on yahoo using Google Talk (including facebook, jabber etc)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Here are the instructions to follow be able to connect to yahoo messenger from Google Talk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Download PSI from sourceforge project link given below:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/psi/"&gt;http://sourceforge.net/projects/psi/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Or download directly PSI 0.14 from &lt;a href="http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/psi/Psi/0.14/psi-0.14-win-setup.exe"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now run PSI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click General Menu and then account setup. A dialogbox like one shown in the image below will appear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xQMf7K8I/AAAAAAAAAZw/73TJwbpTQjU/s1600-h/GT01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xQMf7K8I/AAAAAAAAAZw/73TJwbpTQjU/s320/GT01.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Another dialogbox will appear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xah1HXMI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/8511PPo2QIo/s1600-h/GT02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xah1HXMI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/8511PPo2QIo/s320/GT02.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click Add. Give a name of the account for example “Google Talk”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x2wu78TI/AAAAAAAAAaA/L4bJ86BUjv4/s1600-h/GT03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x2wu78TI/AAAAAAAAAaA/L4bJ86BUjv4/s320/GT03.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click add&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Type your gmail address in jabber id box and gmail password in the password box. And check all tick-boxes beneath. Remember you will use this gmail account to sign in using Google Talk after we are done.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x6-UL0QI/AAAAAAAAAaI/kO8aBSAYbXE/s1600-h/GT04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x6-UL0QI/AAAAAAAAAaI/kO8aBSAYbXE/s320/GT04.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click save. Click close.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The account will be added and displayed in the PSI roaster(Main window). Right click the account and set the status as online.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37y9r5vnsI/AAAAAAAAAaQ/tRye32BoTTQ/s1600-h/GT05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37y9r5vnsI/AAAAAAAAAaQ/tRye32BoTTQ/s320/GT05.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your gmail/google account will be online within seconds.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The magic part starts here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Right click your account. Click service discovery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37z8SfkR3I/AAAAAAAAAaY/ea7d3DtnnnQ/s1600-h/GT06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37z8SfkR3I/AAAAAAAAAaY/ea7d3DtnnnQ/s320/GT06.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A new window will open usually with 2 error dialog boxes. Eliminate them clicking ok. Now on address box type one of the following addresses of yahoo transports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;jaim.at&lt;br /&gt; yahoo.fsinf.at&lt;br /&gt; yahoo.jabber.earth.li&lt;br /&gt; syndicon.de&lt;br /&gt; silper.cz&lt;br /&gt; pluser.ru&lt;br /&gt; phcn.de&lt;br /&gt; na-di.de&lt;br /&gt; jid.pl&lt;br /&gt; jabme.de&lt;br /&gt; jabberim.de&lt;br /&gt; jabber.planetteamspeak.com&lt;br /&gt; jabber.fsinf.at&lt;br /&gt; jabber.hot-chilli.net&lt;br /&gt; jabber.kg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; [Last checked: February 2010]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and then hit enter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37-KyNc61I/AAAAAAAAAbA/LHyDGdwZ97U/s1600-h/GT07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37-KyNc61I/AAAAAAAAAbA/LHyDGdwZ97U/s320/GT07.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A list of transports will be displayed on the window. Right click one of the yahoo transport on that list. If the register option is grayed wait a while. If still does not work a cross sign appears use other server.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37-rSL5skI/AAAAAAAAAbI/fHNsEAMavhc/s1600-h/GT08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37-rSL5skI/AAAAAAAAAbI/fHNsEAMavhc/s320/GT08.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A login dialog box will be opened. Enter your yahoo id and password. Remember only yahoo id not the full email address(except for ymail.com, rocketmail.com etc domains). Then click register.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37__WfZDcI/AAAAAAAAAbY/SjT0PEyrSz4/s1600-h/GT09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37__WfZDcI/AAAAAAAAAbY/SjT0PEyrSz4/s320/GT09.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A registration successful box can appear. Just click ok. Close service discovery window. On PSI main window yahoo account will be added.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Meanwhile some notifications will come. Click on the text on the bottom saying 1(can be more) event received. Notification window will open.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click add/auth to confirm the addition of the selected yahoo transport and then close. You have to confirm addition of your friend list same way from event notifications as they will be displayed automatically.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now you are online on yahoo and google talk same time. Just quit PSI and start google talk you will see your yahoo friends on Google Talk. As you are done you can uninstall PSI if you wish but you might want to keep to play with it more.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For help with setting up hotmail/live account on Google Talk follow here.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-msn-using-google-talk.html"&gt;http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-msn-using-google-talk.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note in the same way selecting different kind of transports you can be online with facebook, jabber etc services. However if you face problems with certain transport use some other transport.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Without having rough fights with one another if every IM company would have followed one standard that could be much better. I see good future of xmpp. If anyone build an IM soft/client they should make it compatible with xmpp. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And screw you yahoo for your compatibility problems on xmpp.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Related Links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;List of xmpp servers&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.jabberes.org/servers/"&gt;http://www.jabberes.org/servers/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.jabberes.org/servers/"&gt;http://www.jabber.org/network/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://xmpp.org/services/"&gt;http://xmpp.org/services/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Google Talk News&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://googletalk.blogspot.com"&gt;http://googletalk.blogspot.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Google Talk Download&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://dl.google.com/googletalk/googletalk-setup.exe"&gt;http://dl.google.com/googletalk/googletalk-setup.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5862207500609840552?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5862207500609840552/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-yahoo-messenger-being.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5862207500609840552'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5862207500609840552'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-yahoo-messenger-being.html' title='Connecting to yahoo messenger / being online on yahoo using Google Talk (including facebook, jabber etc)'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xQMf7K8I/AAAAAAAAAZw/73TJwbpTQjU/s72-c/GT01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-7477601502613743348</id><published>2010-02-20T02:45:00.005+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-20T03:39:51.573+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IM Clients'/><title type='text'>Connecting to MSN using Google Talk / being online with msn/live account on Google Talk</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Is there a built in option in Google Talk to connect MSN/Yahoo/Jabber?&lt;br /&gt;No.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So how do we connect them through?&lt;br /&gt;We need to do a little hack. This is possible because Google Talk is built on xmpp (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). If an xmpp server connects yahoo/msn/facebook chat etc as an intermediate wth Google Talk that works fine. But there is no option to manage xmpp/jabber accounts in Google Talk. So to make things work we will use a good xmpp client software named PSI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Download it from sourceforge project link given below:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/psi/"&gt;http://sourceforge.net/projects/psi/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Or download directly version 0.14 from &lt;a href="http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/psi/Psi/0.14/psi-0.14-win-setup.exe"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now run PSI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click General Menu and then account setup. A dialogbox like one shown in the image below will appear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xQMf7K8I/AAAAAAAAAZw/73TJwbpTQjU/s1600-h/GT01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xQMf7K8I/AAAAAAAAAZw/73TJwbpTQjU/s320/GT01.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Another dialogbox will appear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xah1HXMI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/8511PPo2QIo/s1600-h/GT02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xah1HXMI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/8511PPo2QIo/s320/GT02.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click Add. Give a name of the account for example “Google Talk”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x2wu78TI/AAAAAAAAAaA/L4bJ86BUjv4/s1600-h/GT03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x2wu78TI/AAAAAAAAAaA/L4bJ86BUjv4/s320/GT03.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click add&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Type your gmail address in jabber id box and gmail password in the password box. And check all tick-boxes beneath. Remember you will use this gmail account to sign in using Google Talk after we are done.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x6-UL0QI/AAAAAAAAAaI/kO8aBSAYbXE/s1600-h/GT04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37x6-UL0QI/AAAAAAAAAaI/kO8aBSAYbXE/s320/GT04.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click save. Click close.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The account will be added and displayed in the PSI roaster(Main window). Right click the account and set the status as online.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37y9r5vnsI/AAAAAAAAAaQ/tRye32BoTTQ/s1600-h/GT05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37y9r5vnsI/AAAAAAAAAaQ/tRye32BoTTQ/s320/GT05.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your gmail/google account will be online within seconds.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The magic part starts here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Right click your account. Click service discovery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37z8SfkR3I/AAAAAAAAAaY/ea7d3DtnnnQ/s1600-h/GT06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37z8SfkR3I/AAAAAAAAAaY/ea7d3DtnnnQ/s320/GT06.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A new window will open usually with 2 error dialog boxes. Eliminate them clicking ok. Now on address box type one of the following addresses of msn transports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;jabber.dk&lt;br /&gt; prolly.org&lt;br /&gt; schokokeks.org&lt;br /&gt; netmindz.net&lt;br /&gt; lethyro.net&lt;br /&gt; jabberd.eu&lt;br /&gt; jabber.yeahnah.co.nz&lt;br /&gt; jabber.workaround.org&lt;br /&gt; jabber.tcweb.org&lt;br /&gt; jabber.sk&lt;br /&gt; jabber.snc.ru&lt;br /&gt; jabber.scunc.net&lt;br /&gt; jabber.bluendo.com&lt;br /&gt; jabber.anywise.com&lt;br /&gt; headcounter.org&lt;br /&gt; gajim.org&lt;br /&gt; jaim.at&lt;br /&gt; draugr.de&lt;br /&gt; chrome.pl&lt;br /&gt; jabber.org.by&lt;br /&gt; syndicon.de&lt;br /&gt; silper.cz&lt;br /&gt; pluser.ru&lt;br /&gt; phcn.de&lt;br /&gt; na-di.de&lt;br /&gt; jid.pl&lt;br /&gt; jabme.de&lt;br /&gt; jabberim.de&lt;br /&gt; jabber.planetteamspeak.com&lt;br /&gt; jabber.fsinf.at&lt;br /&gt; jabber.hot-chilli.net&lt;br /&gt; jabber.kg&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [Last checked: February 2010]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and then hit enter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S370-QhlBzI/AAAAAAAAAag/5q7ux_8iLjI/s1600-h/GT07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S370-QhlBzI/AAAAAAAAAag/5q7ux_8iLjI/s320/GT07.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A list of transports will be displayed on the window. Right click one of the msn transports on that list. If the register option is grayed try the next msn transport.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S371Z1FMVII/AAAAAAAAAao/oXCXrxEvWN0/s1600-h/GT08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S371Z1FMVII/AAAAAAAAAao/oXCXrxEvWN0/s320/GT08.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A login dialog box will be opened. Give your hotmail or msn live full email address on the username box and respective password on password box. And then click register.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S371ryiyjaI/AAAAAAAAAaw/JQFeB0I5XFM/s1600-h/GT09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S371ryiyjaI/AAAAAAAAAaw/JQFeB0I5XFM/s320/GT09.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A registration successful box can appear. Just click ok. Close service discovery window. On PSI main window msn account will be added.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Meanwhile some notifications will come. Click on the text on the bottom saying 1(can be more) event received. Notification window will open.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S372k1anvXI/AAAAAAAAAa4/ofKqxWIzzSI/s1600-h/GT10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S372k1anvXI/AAAAAAAAAa4/ofKqxWIzzSI/s320/GT10.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to zoom&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Click add/auth and then close. You have to confirm addition of your friend list same way from event notifications as they will be displayed automatically.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now you are online on live id/hotmail and google talk same time. Just quit PSI and start google talk you will see your msn/live friends on Google Talk. As you are done you can uninstall PSI if you wish but you might want to keep to play with it more.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For help with setting up yahoo/facebook/jabber etc accounts on Google Talk follow here.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-yahoo-messenger-being.html"&gt;http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-yahoo-messenger-being.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Related Links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;List of xmpp servers&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.jabberes.org/servers/"&gt;http://www.jabberes.org/servers/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.jabberes.org/servers/"&gt;http://www.jabber.org/network/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://xmpp.org/services/"&gt;http://xmpp.org/services/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Google Talk News&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://googletalk.blogspot.com"&gt;http://googletalk.blogspot.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Google Talk Download&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://dl.google.com/googletalk/googletalk-setup.exe"&gt;http://dl.google.com/googletalk/googletalk-setup.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-7477601502613743348?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/7477601502613743348/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-msn-using-google-talk.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7477601502613743348'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7477601502613743348'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/connecting-to-msn-using-google-talk.html' title='Connecting to MSN using Google Talk / being online with msn/live account on Google Talk'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S37xQMf7K8I/AAAAAAAAAZw/73TJwbpTQjU/s72-c/GT01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6861848160287633431</id><published>2010-02-11T03:50:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-11T03:52:27.355+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Solaris'/><title type='text'>Configure Broadband Internet Connection on Solaris</title><content type='html'>You have to follow some procedural steps as provided below:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt; login as root. You can use vi or other editor to modify files but be careful because you have the root previlege you can damage the system without having a notification.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Enter your PC's ip address in /etc/hosts. For example, after adding &lt;br /&gt;the last line my /etc/hosts look like:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;127.0.0.1       localhost &lt;br /&gt;::1     localhost &lt;br /&gt;10.8.18.15      arncorp.net     loghost&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Write the your default gateway ip address to /etc/defaultrouter file.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# echo defaultGatewayAddress &gt; /etc/defaultrouter &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;My /etc/defaultrouter looks like: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;10.8.18.21 &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Write dns server information to /etc/resolv.conf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# echo nameserver nameserverAddress1 &gt; /etc/resolv.conf&lt;br /&gt;# echo nameserver nameserverAddress2 &gt;&gt; /etc/resolv.conf&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Enter netmasks info on /etc/netmasks. For example, I have added this line to /etc/netmasks:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;10.8.0.0        255.255.255.0&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;In the file /etc/nssswitch.conf modify the enty for hosts to "file dns" from "file" so that system resolves dns internally.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Start your dns client if it is disabled.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;svcadm enable dns-client&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6861848160287633431?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6861848160287633431/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/configure-broadband-internet-connection.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6861848160287633431'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6861848160287633431'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/configure-broadband-internet-connection.html' title='Configure Broadband Internet Connection on Solaris'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-8797413314330165435</id><published>2010-02-11T02:43:00.007+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-11T03:01:13.452+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>How to Install Network Simulator (NS) on Fedora Core/Ubuntu Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It’s most easy task. Just applying couple of commands you can complete the installation and work with NS on Linux.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I recommend to use NS on Linux because I think cygwin isn’t a enough software to resolve all linux features on Windows. Obviously there are some wrong workarounds on cygwin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now follow these steps to install ns on Linux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Download ns-allinone package from &lt;a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nsnam/files/"&gt;nsnam sourceforge&lt;/a&gt; project page. Or download directly version 2.34 from &lt;a href="http://superb-sea2.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nsnam/allinone/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;After downloading extract the packages. To do this open gnome-terminal; press Alt + F2 and type exactly gnome-terminal there and hit enter. Then apply following commands.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ tar xzvf ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Now change directory and run ns `install` script applying following commands&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ cd ns-allinone-2.34&lt;br /&gt;$ ./install&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It will display a lot of information on the screen configuring, building and installing packages one after one. It might take around 10 minutes depending on your Computer’s speed. After installation is complete the screen will display information about installation paths of different packages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ ./install&lt;br /&gt;.....................................................................&lt;br /&gt;.....................................................................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ns-allinone package has been installed successfully.&lt;br /&gt;Here are the installation places:&lt;br /&gt;tcl8.4.18: /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/{bin,include,lib}&lt;br /&gt;tk8.4.18:  /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/{bin,include,lib}&lt;br /&gt;otcl:  /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/otcl-1.13&lt;br /&gt;tclcl:  /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/tclcl-1.19&lt;br /&gt;ns:  /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/ns&lt;br /&gt;nam: /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/nam-1.14/nam&lt;br /&gt;gt-itm:   /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/itm, edriver, sgb2alt, sgb2ns,&lt;br /&gt;sgb2comns, sgb2hierns&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;---------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;Please put /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/bin:/home/Saint/Softs/\&lt;br /&gt;ns-allinone-2.34/tcl8.4.18/unix:/home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/tk8.4.18\&lt;br /&gt;/unix into your PATH environment; so that you'll be able to run&lt;br /&gt;itm/tclsh/wish/xgraph.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IMPORTANT NOTICES:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1) You MUST put /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/otcl-1.13, /home/Saint/\&lt;br /&gt;Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/lib, &lt;br /&gt;    into your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.&lt;br /&gt;    If it complains about X libraries, add path to your X libraries &lt;br /&gt;    into LD_LIBRARY_PATH.&lt;br /&gt;    If you are using csh, you can set it like:&lt;br /&gt;  setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH &amp;lt;paths&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;    If you are using sh, you can set it like:&lt;br /&gt;  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;lt;paths&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2) You MUST put /home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/tcl8.4.18/library into your&lt;br /&gt;TCL_LIBRARY environmental variable. Otherwise ns/nam will complain during&lt;br /&gt;startup.&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This information is necessary because, you need to include them on your PATH variable.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;To set your PATH correctly follow this format&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ PATH=$PATH:PATH_SUGGESTED_BY_INSTALLED_NS&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;where PATH_SUGGESTED_BY_INSTALLED_NS has to be replaced with the path displayed at the end of installation of NS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example in my case it is:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;PATH=$PATH:/home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/bin:/home/Saint/Softs/\&lt;br /&gt;ns-allinone-2.34/tcl8.4.18/unix:/home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/tk8.4.18/\&lt;br /&gt;unix&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;To make it permanent append following line to .bashrc file (you can open this file using this command: `gedit ~/.bashrc &amp;`)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;export PATH=$PATH:PATH_SUGGESTED_BY_INSTALLED_NS&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In my case it is:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;export PATH=$PATH:/home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/bin:/home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/tcl8.4.18/unix:/home/Saint/Softs/ns-allinone-2.34/tk8.4.18/unix&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;After PATH is set correctly you can now work with NS. Simply type ns on terminal to run the simulator.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ ./ns&lt;br /&gt;% set a 4&lt;br /&gt;4&lt;br /&gt;% puts $a&lt;br /&gt;4&lt;br /&gt;% exit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Some NS Commands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;% set a 4&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;This command sets value 4 to variable $a&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;% puts $a&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Prints the value of variable a&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;% puts "[expr $a*$a]"&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;prints a*a if variable a is previously defined&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;% exit&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;This commands exits the interpreter&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;% # comment&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;# is used for commenting&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;% set fp [open test.txt w]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;opens a file handle to fp&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;% puts $fp "This is a test"&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;To print in file handled by fp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;% puts -nonewline "test"&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;print with no newline&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-8797413314330165435?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/8797413314330165435/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/how-to-install-network-simulator-ns-on.html#comment-form' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8797413314330165435'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8797413314330165435'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/how-to-install-network-simulator-ns-on.html' title='How to Install Network Simulator (NS) on Fedora Core/Ubuntu Linux'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-721295243745264117</id><published>2010-02-03T04:06:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-03T05:10:27.742+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Solaris'/><title type='text'>Installing OS161 on Solaris 10 x86</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;This post applies to Solaris 10 and later releases (x86) and for the &lt;a href="http://www.cse.univdhaka.edu/~cse311b/resource/ASST0.tar.gz"&gt;old packages&lt;/a&gt; of os161.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As it is said that there's too much linuxism in the code of os161 I could not find a  relevant Solaris Package for os161. So I had to install os161 on Solaris from this old package source. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So first of all you have to download &lt;a href="http://www.cse.univdhaka.edu/~cse311b/resource/ASST0.tar.gz"&gt;this source package&lt;/a&gt; of os161.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;- cs161-binutils-1.4 &lt;br /&gt;   - cs161-gcc-1.4-2 &lt;br /&gt;   - cs161-gdb-1.4-2 &lt;br /&gt;   - sys161-1.12-2 &lt;br /&gt;   - os161-1.11 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;We have to solve an incompatibility problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Existing incompatibility in packages,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;/usr/bin/awk&lt;br /&gt;/usr/ccs/bin/make&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Let's rename them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mv /usr/bin/awk /usr/bin/tawk &lt;br /&gt;mv /usr/bin/nawk /usr/bin/awk &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Because nawk is default in Linux and exists with name awk. If you type ls &lt;br /&gt;/usr/bin/*awk on Solaris you will see 3 different packages:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ ls /usr/bin/*awk&lt;br /&gt;awk &lt;br /&gt;nawk &lt;br /&gt;oawk &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now set gnu make as default make&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mv /usr/ccs/bin/make make.orig &lt;br /&gt;mv /usr/sfw/bin/gmake /usr/sfw/bin/make &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;We did this because Solaris make does not work for gnu package. (These are the little difference between Solaris (Unix) and Linux.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There's another way to use gmake as default. To modify an environmental variable:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;export MAKE=gmake &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But this does not work always (maybe it does not totally replace make and in some way goes back sun's make).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Export /usr/ccs/bin and /usr/sfw/bin in PATH variable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ export  PATH=$PATH:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/sfw/bin &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;* Extract the packages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ gunzip ASST0.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;$ tar xvf ASST0.tar &lt;br /&gt;$ gunzip cs161-binutils-1.4.tgz &lt;br /&gt;$ tar xvf cs161-binutils-1.4.tar &lt;br /&gt;$ gunzip cs161-gcc-1.4-2.tgz &lt;br /&gt;$ tar xvf cs161-gcc-1.4-2.tar &lt;br /&gt;$ gunzip cs161-gdb-1.4-2.tgz &lt;br /&gt;$ tar xvf cs161-gdb-1.4-2.tar &lt;br /&gt;$ gunzip sys161-1.12-2.tgz &lt;br /&gt;$ tar xvf sys161-1.12-2.tar &lt;br /&gt;$ gunzip os161-1.11.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;$ tar xvf os161-1.11.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Fixes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Download the attached support.h in current directory and replace&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ mv ./support.h os161-1.11/sbin/mksfs/support.h&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;I added some type definitions in the support.h file which were missing for Solaris x86 machines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now configure, build and install os161&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ cd cs161-binutils-1.4 &lt;br /&gt;$ ./toolbuild.sh &lt;br /&gt;$ export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/cs161/bin &lt;br /&gt;$ cd ../cs161-gcc-1.4-2 &lt;br /&gt;$ ./toolbuild.sh &lt;br /&gt;$ cd ../cs161-gdb-1.4-2 &lt;br /&gt;$ ./toolbuild.sh &lt;br /&gt;$ cd ../sys161-1.12-2 &lt;br /&gt;$ ./configure mipseb &lt;br /&gt;$ make &lt;br /&gt;$ make install &lt;br /&gt;$ cd ../os161-1.11 &lt;br /&gt;$ make &lt;br /&gt;$ cd kern/conf&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Configure Fix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Download the attached config in current directory and replace (assuming you &lt;br /&gt;extracted os161 in current directory or you have to cd to the directory that &lt;br /&gt;contain os161-1.11 directory) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ chmod a+x config&lt;br /&gt;$ mv config os161-1.11/kern/conf/config&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In that config file I just changed tr to /usr/xpg4/bin/tr &lt;br /&gt;because it is linux equivalent &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Booting the Kernel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ ./config ASST0 &lt;br /&gt;$ cd ../compile/ASST0 &lt;br /&gt;$ make depend &lt;br /&gt;$ make &lt;br /&gt;$ make install &lt;br /&gt;$ cd ~/cs161/root &lt;br /&gt;$ cp sys161.conf.sample sys161.conf &lt;br /&gt;$ ./sys161 kernel-ASST0 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Tips and Tricks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If you have once installed os161 in your Unix or Unix-like operating system just keep a copy of all files. When you re-install Solaris update the path as it was done before and simply copy the files. Then change the ownership of the files and folders using this command as root&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# chown -R userName:userGroup /home/userName/cs161 &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;You have got os161 installed without actually installing the packages. Have fun with Solaris.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Trouble shooting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A common error during building ASST1(for Lab1) is something like this:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ gmake install &lt;br /&gt;gmake: cannot create ~/cs161/root&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To avoid this error configure should be done using correct PATH prefix. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ ./configure --ostree=/export/ar/cs161/root&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;~/cs161/root does not work in Solaris! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And I assure you will have no problem with installing ASST1 in Solaris.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Related Links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.eecs.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo//os161-users"&gt;https://www.eecs.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo//os161-users&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.student.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~cs350/common/WorkingWith161.html"&gt;http://www.student.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~cs350/common/WorkingWith161.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer-lang/awk/faq"&gt;http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer-lang/awk/faq&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="ftp://ftp.eecs.harvard.edu/pub/os161"&gt;ftp://ftp.eecs.harvard.edu/pub/os161&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Download attached files.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://sa-unix.googlecode.com/files/support.h"&gt;support.h [1K]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://sa-unix.googlecode.com/files/config"&gt;Config [3K]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-721295243745264117?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/721295243745264117/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/installing-os161-on-solaris-10-x86.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/721295243745264117'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/721295243745264117'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/installing-os161-on-solaris-10-x86.html' title='Installing OS161 on Solaris 10 x86'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-3834151406187789236</id><published>2010-02-02T20:27:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2010-11-28T03:57:41.158+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Artificial Intelligence'/><title type='text'>Good Movies on Artificial Intelligence I</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Here is a list of good movies on artificial intelligence. If you are interested about artificial intelligence you'd like to watch them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Moon (2009)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2grrdiMQRI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/T-MIZ6oinSI/s1600-h/Moon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2grrdiMQRI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/T-MIZ6oinSI/s320/Moon.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An automated system on moon on support of earthieans power crisis. There's many things interesting about it on space. View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1182345/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1182345/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;i'Robots (2004)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gumMoHAII/AAAAAAAAAYY/GjKKI05pUCU/s1600-h/irobot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gumMoHAII/AAAAAAAAAYY/GjKKI05pUCU/s320/irobot.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 2035 huh?! Yap more intelligent some of the robots are. Obviously you’d find pretty interesting about some logics invented by those intelligent systems. They call it undeniable logic which they deduce from the principles:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;which allows them to broke all these laws. Future robot manufacturers should be alerted huh?!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0343818/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0343818/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;WALL-E (2008)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gwW6BiyuI/AAAAAAAAAYg/socFFGdHLwE/s1600-h/walle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gwW6BiyuI/AAAAAAAAAYg/socFFGdHLwE/s320/walle.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Good animation movie. Romantic robots, kinda funny though. At least here the robots are not enemy to environment and human. Anyway the movie is very enjoyable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0910970/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0910970/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 190%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Terminator Trilogy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;This is the one need not to spoil by accolade. These movies are about future revolutions of machines against human race. Hmm, they are artificially intelligent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember, Judgment day is the best and &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0438488/"&gt;Terminator 4 (Salvation)&lt;/a&gt; sucks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;The Terminator (1984)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gxl8n2TfI/AAAAAAAAAYo/jZrpfXPT3Tk/s1600-h/T1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gxl8n2TfI/AAAAAAAAAYo/jZrpfXPT3Tk/s320/T1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088247/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088247/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gx7jhyhpI/AAAAAAAAAYw/0pz4OOFtw8c/s1600-h/T2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gx7jhyhpI/AAAAAAAAAYw/0pz4OOFtw8c/s320/T2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103064/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103064/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gyRx3TNKI/AAAAAAAAAY4/e_hVAbo3oGI/s1600-h/T3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gyRx3TNKI/AAAAAAAAAY4/e_hVAbo3oGI/s320/T3.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0181852/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0181852/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Minority Report (2002)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gyutS4KaI/AAAAAAAAAZI/0O8Sxrup80w/s1600-h/m1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gyutS4KaI/AAAAAAAAAZI/0O8Sxrup80w/s320/m1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More focused on genetic impact though. But as human influenced process it is I’d call artificial intelligence too. View info on imdb:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0181689/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0181689/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 180%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Robots (2005)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gzDi-S63I/AAAAAAAAAZQ/WEgaG7L-NnQ/s1600-h/R1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2gzDi-S63I/AAAAAAAAAZQ/WEgaG7L-NnQ/s320/R1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It's an animation movie. I don’t know about it. I just found it on the other day. View info on imdb about this movie:  &lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0358082/"&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0358082/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For more AI related movies, see this post:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/11/good-movies-on-artificial-intelligence.html"&gt;Good Movies on Artificial Intelligence 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-3834151406187789236?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/3834151406187789236/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/good-movies-on-artificial-intelligence.html#comment-form' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3834151406187789236'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3834151406187789236'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/02/good-movies-on-artificial-intelligence.html' title='Good Movies on Artificial Intelligence I'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S2grrdiMQRI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/T-MIZ6oinSI/s72-c/Moon.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-3818952324614086032</id><published>2010-01-25T18:00:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-30T14:44:58.190+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Contest Bulletin'/><title type='text'>NextSapiens Robotics Local Contest (Basic Embedded System)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Our team (with the name DU Terminator) just participated the International Robot Contest (Bangladesh Regional).&amp;nbsp;The purpose was to build a line follower robot which will reach the destination following line of colors within shortest time.&amp;nbsp;The problem statement is &lt;a href="http://next-sapiens.googlecode.com/files/prob_national%20event-BD.pdf"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I’m doing a bit report here based on our team’s work. First of all you need a development kit which will guide through programming to work with sensors and move forward using motors.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Development Kit&lt;/h2&gt;We got a basic development kit from NextSapiens which includes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ATMega16 Micro controller.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;L293D IC, LCD Screen, Sensors&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Relays, Switches, LEDs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Power Supply&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;And other electronic/electrical components&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Collect a development kit according to your requirement and ask for manual to the manufacturer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As I couldn’t find an online/ebook manual for the development board we have used, I’m just describing the coding has to be done for this development board. Anyway, you can get it from spellbound or nenomart. As the mcu is Atmega16 we can use AVR softwares such as BASCOM AVR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Coding&lt;/h2&gt;A sample code for line follower robot with three sensors is given below.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$regfile = "m16def.dat"&lt;br /&gt;$crystal = 4000000&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Config Lcd = 16 * 2&lt;br /&gt;Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portb.4 , Db5 = Portb.5 , Db6 = Portb.6 , Db7 = Portb.7,&lt;br /&gt;E = Portb.3 , Rs = Portb.2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto , Reference = Avcc&lt;br /&gt;Config Timer1 = Pwm , Pwm = 8 , Prescale = 1 , Compare A Pwm = Clear Down,&lt;br /&gt;Compare B Pwm = Clear Down&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Start Adc&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;Start Timer1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dim Lw As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim Lb As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim Lm As Integer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dim Cw As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim Cb As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim Cm As Integer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dim Rw As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim Rb As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim Rm As Integer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dim L As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim R As Integer&lt;br /&gt;Dim C As Integer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "Place on White"&lt;br /&gt;Waitms 1000&lt;br /&gt;Lw = Getadc(0)&lt;br /&gt;Cw = Getadc(1)&lt;br /&gt;Rw = Getadc(2)&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "Place on Black"&lt;br /&gt;Waitms 1000&lt;br /&gt;Lb = Getadc(0)&lt;br /&gt;Cb = Getadc(1)&lt;br /&gt;Rb = Getadc(2)&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "Mean"&lt;br /&gt;Lm = Lw + Lb&lt;br /&gt;Lm = Lm / 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cm = Cw + Cb&lt;br /&gt;Cm = Cm / 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rm = Rw + Rb&lt;br /&gt;Rm = Rm / 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L = Getadc(0)&lt;br /&gt;C = Getadc(1)&lt;br /&gt;R = Getadc(2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lcd L ; "-" ; C ; "-" ; R&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If L &amp;lt; Lm And C &amp;gt; Cm And R &amp;lt; Rm Then&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "FWD"&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1b = 100&lt;br /&gt;Portd.3 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1a = 100&lt;br /&gt;Portd.6 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elseif L &amp;lt; Lm And C &amp;lt; Cm And R &amp;gt; Rm Then&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "Right"&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1b = 120&lt;br /&gt;Portd.3 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1a = 30&lt;br /&gt;Portd.6 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elseif L &amp;gt; Lm And C &amp;lt; Cm And R &amp;lt; Rm Then&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "Left"&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1b = 30&lt;br /&gt;Portd.3 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1a = 120&lt;br /&gt;Portd.6 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elseif L &amp;lt; Lm And C &amp;gt; Cm And R &amp;gt; Rm Then&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "90 Right"&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1b = 120&lt;br /&gt;Portd.3 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1a = 0&lt;br /&gt;Portd.6 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elseif L &amp;gt; Lm And C &amp;gt; Cm And R &amp;lt; Rm Then&lt;br /&gt;Lcd "90 Left"&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1b = 0&lt;br /&gt;Portd.3 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Pwm1a = 120&lt;br /&gt;Portd.6 = 0&lt;br /&gt;Cls&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;End If&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Loop&lt;br /&gt;End&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Coding Description&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;$regfile = "m16def.dat" includes the header file for atmega16 mcu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;$crystal = 4000000 provides 4MHz clock&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Config routine configures devices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Getadc as initialized reads the sensor value. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Waitms library routine performs the delay specified in milliseconds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cls clears the LCD screen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Lcd routine prints provided text on LCD Screen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are certain factors that should be considered or as critical cases for line follower robots such as:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Following acute angles correctly&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Distance between sensors according to track width&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Distance between motors for fast turning&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Weight of battery (better if it can be covered the voltage source with single cell of battery)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Wingdings;"&gt;ü&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Equality of readings of all sensors and similarity of speed of motors&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Tricks&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For first round one doesn’t need great speed to win over. Hence you can slow a bit down if you wish. Critical cases like Y-shapes, T-shapes or acute angles should be handled properly depending on the track specification.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Line Follower Robot and the Contest&lt;/h2&gt;A video stream of our line follower robot is embedded below.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/UdlZHGv289k&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/UdlZHGv289k&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Robot as moves following the black line track&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the contest our team acquired 4th position and the other team DU RoboIcon acquired 2nd position. A photo on the venue with Judge is attached here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S14VM8DL88I/AAAAAAAAAYI/tZAUM8wR5F4/s1600-h/contest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S14VM8DL88I/AAAAAAAAAYI/tZAUM8wR5F4/s400/contest.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;International Robotics Intelligent Systems Competition 2010 (1st robotics competition in Bangladesh) at Agargaon [DU Teams, 4 Participants of DU Terminator on Left Side and 4 Participants of DU RoboIcons on Right Side]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Related Links:&lt;/h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.nextsapiens.com/"&gt;http://www.nextsapiens.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.nextsapiens.com/site/edu/bes.htm"&gt;http://www.nextsapiens.com/site/edu/bes.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.nenowiki.com/"&gt;http://www.nenowiki.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-3818952324614086032?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/3818952324614086032/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/nextsapiens-robotics-local-contest.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3818952324614086032'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3818952324614086032'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/nextsapiens-robotics-local-contest.html' title='NextSapiens Robotics Local Contest (Basic Embedded System)'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S14VM8DL88I/AAAAAAAAAYI/tZAUM8wR5F4/s72-c/contest.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-398973803148549588</id><published>2010-01-18T15:19:00.005+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-03T02:38:41.304+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><title type='text'>Windows command prompt pwd command doesn't work</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;There is no pwd executable file in windows. But there is a way. Create a batch script with following texts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;@echo %CD%&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Save it as pwd.cmd. Now type pwd command at command prompt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;st&gt; pwd&lt;br /&gt;g:\Sourcecodes\Scripts&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also you can type cd without any arguments which works the same way as pwd in Linux.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-398973803148549588?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/398973803148549588/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/windows-command-prompt-pwd-command.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/398973803148549588'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/398973803148549588'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/windows-command-prompt-pwd-command.html' title='Windows command prompt pwd command doesn&apos;t work'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6136821354770637963</id><published>2010-01-18T03:54:00.007+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-18T16:39:42.803+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IM Clients'/><title type='text'>Instant Messengers / Clients</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 170%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yahoo Messenger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OHbwrfzPI/AAAAAAAAAXo/RUny4CZ-BJQ/s1600-h/ym01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OHbwrfzPI/AAAAAAAAAXo/RUny4CZ-BJQ/s400/ym01.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yahoo Messenger 10 Multi-lingual [click image to zoom]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Yahoo Messenger 10 brought several new features and enhancements. It has improved appearance, video calling feature, twitter like status updates etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download latest stable release [10.0.0.1102]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://download.yahoo.com/ycs/msg/dl/msgr10/us/ymsgr1000_1102_us.exe"&gt;http://download.yahoo.com/ycs/msg/dl/msgr10/us/ymsgr1000_1102_us.exe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It’s a direct link from yahoo’s server. One more thing, do you know that you can keep back up of your yahoo messege/ chat archives? The folder where messages are archived is &lt;i&gt;C:\Program Files\Yahoo!\Messenger\Profiles\YourPCUserName&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OHvtxQa8I/AAAAAAAAAXw/ZKydeM_xkC0/s1600-h/ym04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OHvtxQa8I/AAAAAAAAAXw/ZKydeM_xkC0/s400/ym04.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Messenger 10 with improved appearance [click image to zoom]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OKt2amu9I/AAAAAAAAAYA/bs9RwTNNpWE/s1600-h/ym02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="328" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OKt2amu9I/AAAAAAAAAYA/bs9RwTNNpWE/s400/ym02.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yahoo Messenger 10 Y! Insider with improved appearance [click image to zoom]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 170%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Google Talk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OH9jTHYfI/AAAAAAAAAX4/fZT4JyiQGIY/s1600-h/GT01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OH9jTHYfI/AAAAAAAAAX4/fZT4JyiQGIY/s400/GT01.jpg" width="231" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Google Talk [click image to zoom]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Latest stable release [1.0.0.105]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://dl.google.com/googletalk/googletalk-setup.exe"&gt;http://dl.google.com/googletalk/googletalk-setup.exe [Permanent Link]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This page will be updated with every new release of these softwares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Happy IMs with updated softwares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tips: There is a pattern on the direct download links. If you can recognize that you can generate the link for every new release.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6136821354770637963?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6136821354770637963/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/instant-messengers-clients.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6136821354770637963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6136821354770637963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/instant-messengers-clients.html' title='Instant Messengers / Clients'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S1OHbwrfzPI/AAAAAAAAAXo/RUny4CZ-BJQ/s72-c/ym01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-7894916722946536351</id><published>2010-01-18T02:38:00.011+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-18T04:17:08.853+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>Learning some commands makes Linux life easier</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Redirecting inputs and outputs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It's about these two operator '&amp;lt;' and '&amp;gt;'. For example, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;ls -l &gt; fileList.txt&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The output of this command is not printed on the screen, it is written to a file named fileList.txt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;cat command&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Purpose of this command is equivalent to "type" command. You can view contents of a text file using cat command. Example given below, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ cat fileList.txt &lt;br /&gt;total 36 &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   4 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:45 HarvardPackages &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root        1098 Dec  1 16:49 IS_OS161_v1.3.1.sh~ &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root        1140 Dec  1 16:49 IS_OS161_v1.3.2.sh &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   2 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:44 Package 1.4 &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root         244 Dec  1 16:49 Scripting.txt &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root         189 Dec  1 16:49 Scripting.txt~ &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx  12 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:47 cs161-binutils-1.4 &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   6 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:48 cs161-gcc-1.4-2 &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx  14 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:44 cs161-gdb-1.4-2 &lt;br /&gt;-rw-r--r--   1 ar       other          0 Dec 26 20:03 fileList.txt &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root         148 Dec  1 16:44 input.sh &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root         294 Dec  1 16:49 install.sh~ &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root         695 Dec  1 16:49 install_os161.sh &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root         668 Dec  1 16:49 install_os161.sh~ &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx  10 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:49 os161-1.11 &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx  16 ar       root        1024 Dec  1 16:49 sys161-1.12-2 &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root          24 Dec  1 16:49 test2.txt~ &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;grep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Very useful command. It is used to filter the outputs (pipes supported). If you don't understand the purpose in theory don't worry you will be able to understand from examples. If you give the command ls -a it will show like this,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ ls -a &lt;br /&gt;total 44 &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   9 ar       root         512 Dec 26 20:03 . &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   6 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:43 .. &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   4 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:45 HarvardPackages &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root        1098 Dec  1 16:49 IS_OS161_v1.3.1.sh~ &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root        1140 Dec  1 16:49 IS_OS161_v1.3.2.sh &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   2 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:44 Package 1.4 &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root         244 Dec  1 16:49 Scripting.txt &lt;br /&gt;...........................................................................&lt;br /&gt;...........................................................................&lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx  10 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:49 os161-1.11 &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx  16 ar       root        1024 Dec  1 16:49 sys161-1.12-2 &lt;br /&gt;-rwxrwxrwx   1 ar       root          24 Dec  1 16:49 test2.txt~&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If the output was huge and wanted details about only the file whose name &lt;br /&gt;contains Package. Then give the command like this: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ ls -l | grep Package &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   4 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:45 HarvardPackages &lt;br /&gt;drwxrwxrwx   2 ar       root         512 Dec  1 16:44 Package 1.4&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'|' This sign is called pipe which linked the output of first command to the second as input. You can search for files containing certain text string. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ grep -r "textString" /path&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Use -H switch to show line numbers. grep has many useful options learn them from manual ("$ man grep")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;find&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In case you know the name of a file but you don't know where it is then to find it's location use this command,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;find /directoryname -name file.ext&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;which&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;If you apply a command but don't know from where it'll be executed or where the executable file resides? To view that location use this syntax, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;which commandName&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Example, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ which gcc &lt;br /&gt;/usr/sfw/bin/gcc&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is the output for Solaris 10. Hence, your output can be different.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;tar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An archive is a file containing compressed files and directories.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;creating an archive using tar command&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ tar -cvf test.tar local.login local.profile .bashrc &lt;br /&gt;a local.login 1K &lt;br /&gt;a local.profile 1K &lt;br /&gt;a .bashrc 1K&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why did we use v switch? Let's see the difference. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ tar -cf test.tar local.login local.profile .bashrc&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means if v is included then tar displays information on every file it  adds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To add a file in an existing archive use -r option(-f means next argument is &lt;br /&gt;the archive file name). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ tar -rf test.tar local.cshrc&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extracting archive, &lt;br /&gt;If file extension contains tar.gz then syntax is, &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;tar xzvf fileName.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If extension is tar.bz2 &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;tar xjvf fileName.tar.bz2 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;if extension is only .tar then &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;tar xvf fileName.tar.bz2&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;This is the easiest command. You know about this. An example is, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ echo "This line will be printed." &lt;br /&gt;This line will be printed.&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;zip and unzip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;You can create zip files using zip command. Use following syntax.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ zip ArchiveFileName.zip /path/dir_OR_file&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To unzip a zip file (extract an zip archive) use following syntax&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ unzip ArchiveFileName.zip&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To work with rar archives follow &lt;a href="http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2009/11/rar-software-for-linux.html"&gt;this post.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-7894916722946536351?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/7894916722946536351/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/useful-linux-commands.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7894916722946536351'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/7894916722946536351'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/useful-linux-commands.html' title='Learning some commands makes Linux life easier'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-4674178665540962548</id><published>2010-01-18T02:14:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-18T02:19:12.027+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Assembly Language'/><title type='text'>Assembling and Linking Assembly Language Codes with TASM and MASM</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;On the days of Assembly Programming I enjoyed it very much. It was not about which assembler I used, whether it was turbo assembler or microsoft assembler. It was about the clever scripts I always wrote to perform compilation of my codes and linking at ease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;TASM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;So if you were using Turbo Assember what would be the command to assemble the code. It is:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;D:\tasm\bin&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;tasm filename.asm&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;And how to link?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;D:\tasm\bin&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;tlink filename&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Notice the tlink command uses only filename. No extension should be provided. Otherwise it will halt on error.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You’ll find my batch script more interesting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;@echo Saint Atique Windows Batch Script&lt;br /&gt;@if exist %1.obj del %1.obj&lt;br /&gt;@if exist %1.exe del %1.exe&lt;br /&gt;@tasm %1&lt;br /&gt;@if not exist %1.obj goto End&lt;br /&gt;@echo Compiled filename: %1.asm (Assembly Sourcecode)&lt;br /&gt;@tlink %1&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@echo Linked filename: %1.obj (Object file)&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@if not exist %1.exe goto End&lt;br /&gt;@echo %1.exe (Executable file running under %os% DOS)&lt;br /&gt;@echo =========================================================&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@%1&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;:End&lt;br /&gt;@echo Process Ended&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;As I saved it as tcpl.cmd the command to assemble and link a program file was:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;D:\tasm\bin&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;tcpl filename.asm&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;MASM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;I wrote the following script to assemble and link with masm as you know assemble command is masm and linking command is link.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;@title Saint Atique masm platform&lt;br /&gt;@echo Saint Atique Script&lt;br /&gt;@echo MASM assemble syntax: mpl SourceFileName (output file is out.exe)&lt;br /&gt;@echo Creating object file.&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@rem case sensitive /ml switch&lt;br /&gt;@if exist out.exe del out.exe&lt;br /&gt;@if exist out.obj del out.obj&lt;br /&gt;@masm /ml %1 out&lt;br /&gt;@if not exist out.obj goto obj_fail&lt;br /&gt;@echo Linking output obj file&lt;br /&gt;@link /batch out;&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@if not exist out.exe goto build_fail&lt;br /&gt;@echo Running executable file: out.exe&lt;br /&gt;@echo ==============================================&lt;br /&gt;@out&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@echo Process succeeded.&lt;br /&gt;@goto end&lt;br /&gt;:obj_fail&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@echo Error generating obj binary codes&lt;br /&gt;@goto end&lt;br /&gt;:build_fail&lt;br /&gt;@Echo Error building executable file..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;:end&lt;br /&gt;@echo Process Ended.&lt;br /&gt;@title Saint Atique Terminal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;And for compiling masm win32 programs I wrote this script, saved a lot of hard works and avoiding boorish repetition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;@title Saint Atique masm win32 platform&lt;br /&gt;@echo Saint Atique Script&lt;br /&gt;@echo MASM assemble syntax: wpl SourceFileName&lt;br /&gt;@echo Creating object file.&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@if exist %1.exe del %1.exe&lt;br /&gt;@if exist %1.obj del %1.obj&lt;br /&gt;@ml /c /coff /Cp %1.asm&lt;br /&gt;@if not exist %1.obj goto obj_fail&lt;br /&gt;@if exist %1.rc @echo Linking %1.rc &amp; @rc %1.rc&lt;br /&gt;@echo Linking object file and res file&lt;br /&gt;@link /SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS /LIBPATH:e:\masm32\lib %1.obj %1.RES&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@if not exist %1.exe goto build_fail&lt;br /&gt;@echo Running executable file: %1.exe&lt;br /&gt;@echo ==============================================&lt;br /&gt;@%1.exe&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@echo Process succeeded.&lt;br /&gt;@goto end&lt;br /&gt;:obj_fail&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@echo Error generating obj binary codes&lt;br /&gt;@goto end&lt;br /&gt;:build_fail&lt;br /&gt;@echo.&lt;br /&gt;@Echo Errors in source. Correction required..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;:end&lt;br /&gt;@echo Process Ended.&lt;br /&gt;@title Saint Atique Terminal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; color: red;"&gt;Happy assembling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-4674178665540962548?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/4674178665540962548/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/assembling-and-linking-assembly.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4674178665540962548'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/4674178665540962548'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/assembling-and-linking-assembly.html' title='Assembling and Linking Assembly Language Codes with TASM and MASM'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-3587731543413387682</id><published>2010-01-16T05:30:00.007+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-11T03:10:51.796+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='MySQL'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><title type='text'>Installing and Configuring Apache, PHP, MySQL on Fedora Core</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Install Apache (httpd), PHP, MySQL (server and client)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum -y install httpd php mysql mysql-server php-mysql &lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Configure the new services to start automatically&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;/sbin/chkconfig httpd on &lt;br /&gt;# /sbin/chkconfig --add mysqld&lt;br /&gt;[not required with FC4 and above] &lt;br /&gt;# /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on &lt;br /&gt;# /sbin/service httpd start &lt;br /&gt;# /sbin/service mysqld start&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If everything went okay attempting to open this url:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://localhost"&gt;http://localhost&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;or http://127.0.0.1 will forward to a page like one displayed in image below. Otherwise it will give an error.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S3Mfmj6pPcI/AAAAAAAAAZo/tFrEszS-n14/s1600-h/Fedora_amp.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="230" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S3Mfmj6pPcI/AAAAAAAAAZo/tFrEszS-n14/s320/Fedora_amp.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Click image to enlarge&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;By default the document directory is /var/www/html. You can change it modifying /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Modify the lines and set like this: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;DocumentRoot "/home/AR/web"&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;And another line&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&amp;lt;Directory "/home/AR/web"&amp;gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Changing directory like this may not allow apache to read files or execute scripts. Hence this error message "Forbidded, you don't have permission to access / on this server" can be produced. To get rid of this change the directory attributes to executable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# chmod a+x /home &lt;br /&gt;# chmod a+x /home/AR &lt;br /&gt;# chmod a+x /home/AR/web&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;which means that you are giving permission of execution to apache for the entire directory chain. This actually solves the problem. If still the problem persists then apply this command too. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# chown -R apache:apache /home/AR/web&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Change "/home/AR/web" with your www directory.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Add mysqld as startup service&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on &lt;br /&gt;# /sbin/service mysqld start&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Change the mysqladmin password for security reason. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# mysqladmin -u root password new-password&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notice # means root user prevelige.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-3587731543413387682?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/3587731543413387682/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/installing-configuring-apache-php-mysql.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3587731543413387682'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/3587731543413387682'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/installing-configuring-apache-php-mysql.html' title='Installing and Configuring Apache, PHP, MySQL on Fedora Core'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S3Mfmj6pPcI/AAAAAAAAAZo/tFrEszS-n14/s72-c/Fedora_amp.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5047893187034220991</id><published>2010-01-16T04:50:00.004+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-16T04:59:18.800+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Antivirus'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>How to Install Kaspersky Antivirus/ Internet Security on Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Fedora Core Instructions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Command "&lt;b&gt;yum install kaspersky&lt;/b&gt;" won't work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First you have to download your required product/software from&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.kaspersky.com/linux"&gt;http://www.kaspersky.com/linux&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After that you have to install the downloaded package (rpm for Fedora Core/RHEL/CentOS etc and .deb for debian systems like Ubuntu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For rpm packages try this command to install Kaspersky Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;rpm -Uvh packagename.rpm&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Also you can try this command&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum localinstall packagename.rpm&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For debian packages try this command to install Kaspersky Software.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo dpkg -i package.deb&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5047893187034220991?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5047893187034220991/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-install-kaspersky-antivirus.html#comment-form' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5047893187034220991'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5047893187034220991'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-install-kaspersky-antivirus.html' title='How to Install Kaspersky Antivirus/ Internet Security on Linux'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-6173295764308547413</id><published>2010-01-11T02:58:00.002+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-11T04:03:58.710+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='MySQL'/><title type='text'>Learning SQL through MySQL software</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Installing WAMP Server and Starting MySQL Console&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To learn SQL you don’t necessarily need an Oracle SQL Server(oracle/sql is really big in size). We can achieve our goals still with MySQL. Install wamp server to get MySQL along with Apache and PHP. Latest release till today is 2.0i&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.wampserver.com/en/download.php"&gt;http://www.wampserver.com/en/download.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;W stands for Windows and amp stands for Apache, MySQL and PHP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now start wamp server clicking Start Menu -&gt; Programs -&gt; WampServer -&gt; Start WampServer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You’ll see there is a icon on the right side of the taskbar. Click (not right button click) it. In the Menu under submenu of MySQL click MySQL console.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It will ask for a password. By default there is no password set. Simply press enter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Working with Databases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;First step is to list the databases. You will use the following query to list databases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;show databases&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Every query ends with a semicolon. Hence here is how the console responds to the query.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mysql&gt; show databases;&lt;br /&gt;+--------------------+&lt;br /&gt;| Database           |&lt;br /&gt;+--------------------+&lt;br /&gt;| information_schema |&lt;br /&gt;| mydb               |&lt;br /&gt;| mysql              |&lt;br /&gt;+--------------------+&lt;br /&gt;3 rows in set (0.01 sec)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Create your own database. The command to create database is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;create database databasename&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Here is the console response for a sample command.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mysql&gt; create database bankdb;&lt;br /&gt;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now you have to select a database to work with. In our case it’s bankdb;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mysql&gt; use bankdb;&lt;br /&gt;Database changed&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 140%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Working with Tables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To list tables inside the database you have to use “show tables” query.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mysql&gt; show tables;&lt;br /&gt;Empty set (0.00 sec)&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note Oracle SQL query “select * from tab” doesn’t work here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mysql&gt; select * from tab;&lt;br /&gt;ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'bankdb.tab' doesn't exist&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;As there are no tables on the database we’ll create some.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During creating tables we need to remember that data type number and varchar2 does not exist in mysql. To know more about mysql data types follow here.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/data-types.html"&gt;http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/data-types.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To compare with oracle data types check link this too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://ss64.com/ora/syntax-datatypes.html"&gt;http://ss64.com/ora/syntax-datatypes.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Hence we replace varchar2 with varchar and number with float.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And we create tables with following commands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;create table branch&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(branch_name varchar(15),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;branch_city varchar(12) not null,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;assets float(10,2) not null,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint b_pk primary key(branch_name),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint b_chk check(assets&gt;=0));&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;create table customer&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(customer_name varchar(20),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;customer_street varchar(15),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;customer_city varchar(15)not null,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint c_pk primary key(customer_name));&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;create table account&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(account_no char(5),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;branch_name varchar(15),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;balance float(10,2) not null,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint a_pk primary key(account_no),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint a_fk foreign key (branch_name) references branch(branch_name),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint a_chk1 check (balance&gt;=0),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint a_chk2 check (account_no like 'A-%'));&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;create table loan&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(loan_no char(5),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;branch_name varchar(15),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;amount float(10,2) not null,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint l_pk primary key(loan_no),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint l_fk foreign key (branch_name) references branch(branch_name),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint l_chk1 check (amount &gt;= 0),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint l_chk2 check (loan_no like 'L-%'));&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;create table depositor&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(customer_name varchar(15),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;account_no char(5),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint de_pk primary key (customer_name, account_no),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint de_fk1 foreign key (customer_name) references customer(&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;customer_name), constraint de_fk2 foreign key (account_no) references&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;account(account_no));&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;create table borrower&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(customer_name varchar(15),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;loan_no char(5),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint bo_pk primary key (customer_name, loan_no),&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;constraint bo_fk1 foreign key (customer_name) references customer (&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;customer_name), constraint bo_fk2 foreign key (loan_no) references &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;loan (loan_no));&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Show current list of tables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mysql&gt; show tables;&lt;br /&gt;+------------------+&lt;br /&gt;| Tables_in_bankdb |&lt;br /&gt;+------------------+&lt;br /&gt;| account          |&lt;br /&gt;| borrower         |&lt;br /&gt;| branch           |&lt;br /&gt;| customer         |&lt;br /&gt;| depositor        |&lt;br /&gt;| loan             |&lt;br /&gt;+------------------+&lt;br /&gt;6 rows in set (0.00 sec)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;You use desc command to view descriptions of a table.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;mysql&gt; desc account;&lt;br /&gt;+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+&lt;br /&gt;| Field       | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |&lt;br /&gt;+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+&lt;br /&gt;| account_no  | char(5)     | NO   | PRI |         |       |&lt;br /&gt;| branch_name | varchar(15) | YES  | MUL | NULL    |       |&lt;br /&gt;| balance     | float(10,2) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |&lt;br /&gt;+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+&lt;br /&gt;3 rows in set (0.01 sec)&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now it’s time to insert data into the tables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('Brighton','Brooklyn',7100000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('Downtown', 'Brooklyn',9000000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('Mianus', 'Horseneck',400000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('North Town', 'Rye',3700000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('Perryridge', 'Horseneck',1700000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('Pownal', 'Bennington',300000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('Redwood', 'Palo Alto',2100000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into branch&lt;br /&gt;values('Round Hill', 'Horseneck',8000000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Adams','Spring','Pittsfield');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Brooks','Senator','Brooklyn');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Curry','North','Rye');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Glenn','Sand Hill','Woodside');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Green','Walnut','Stamford');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Hayes','Main','Harrison');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Jhonson','Alma','Palo Alto');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Jones','Main','Harrison');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Lindsay','Park','Pittsfield');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Smith','North','Rye');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Turner','Putnam','Stamford');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into customer&lt;br /&gt;values('Williams','Nassau','Princeton');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into account&lt;br /&gt;values('A-101','Downtown',500);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into account&lt;br /&gt;values('A-102','Perryridge',400);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into account&lt;br /&gt;values('A-201','Brighton',900);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into account&lt;br /&gt;values('A-215','Mianus',700);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into account&lt;br /&gt;values('A-217','Brighton',750);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into account&lt;br /&gt;values('A-222','Redwood',700);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into account&lt;br /&gt;values('A-305','Round Hill',350);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into loan&lt;br /&gt;values('L-11', 'Round Hill',900);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into loan&lt;br /&gt;values('L-14', 'Downtown',1500);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into loan&lt;br /&gt;values('L-15', 'Perryridge',1500);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into loan&lt;br /&gt;values('L-16', 'Perryridge',1300);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into loan&lt;br /&gt;values('L-17', 'Downtown',1000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into loan&lt;br /&gt;values('L-23', 'Redwood',2000);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into loan&lt;br /&gt;values('L-93','Mianus',500);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into depositor&lt;br /&gt;values('Hayes', 'A-102');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into depositor&lt;br /&gt;values('Jhonson', 'A-101');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into depositor&lt;br /&gt;values('Jhonson', 'A-201');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into depositor&lt;br /&gt;values('Jones', 'A-217');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into depositor&lt;br /&gt;values('Lindsay', 'A-222');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into depositor&lt;br /&gt;values('Smith', 'A-215');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into depositor&lt;br /&gt;values('Turner', 'A-305');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Adams', 'L-16');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Curry', 'L-93');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Hayes', 'L-15');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Jackson', 'L-14');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Jones', 'L-17');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Smith', 'L-11');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Smith', 'L-23');&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;insert into borrower&lt;br /&gt;values('Williams', 'L-17');&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now you can perform queries on existing tables and data for practicing. I’ll add some nice queries soon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-6173295764308547413?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/6173295764308547413/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/learning-sql-through-mysql-software.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6173295764308547413'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/6173295764308547413'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/learning-sql-through-mysql-software.html' title='Learning SQL through MySQL software'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-2668077278197845689</id><published>2010-01-10T06:09:00.010+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-11T04:07:49.794+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='OpenGL'/><title type='text'>How to Create Makefile from Imakefile</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Here we'll describe how to create Makefile using Imakefile.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Create the Imakefile for example with following contents&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;TARGET = program.out&lt;br /&gt;OBJS = main.o&lt;br /&gt;SRCS = main.cpp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CC = g++&lt;br /&gt;CCOPTIONS = -g&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MESAINCDIR = /usr/include&lt;br /&gt;MESALIBDIR = /usr/lib&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GLLIB = -L$(MESALIBDIR) -lglut -lGLU -lGL&lt;br /&gt;XLIB = -L/usr/lib -lXmu -lXi -lXext -lX11 -lm -lpthread&lt;br /&gt;INCLUDES = -I$(MESAINCDIR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LOCAL_LIBRARIES = $(GLLIB) $(XLIB)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ComplexProgramTarget($(TARGET))&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Use xmkmf command to create makefile from Imakefile.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;$ &lt;/b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;xmkmf&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;xmkmf script actually uses imake command to create Imakefile. Hence following command would also work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;$ &lt;/b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;imake -DUseInstalled -I/usr/share/X11/config&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;xmkmf command does not necessarily require a parameter. It looks for a file named Imakefile inside current dirctory to create makefile.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If imake package is not installed bash will tell you that Command not found. For Fedora Core Systems login as root and type the following command.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;# &lt;/b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum -y install imake&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For Ubuntu the command will be something like this.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;$ &lt;/b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo apt-get install imake&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now imake or xmkmf command will work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now let's test it compiling and running a program. Create your source file main.cpp for example with following contents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy&lt;br /&gt; * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal&lt;br /&gt; * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights&lt;br /&gt; * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell&lt;br /&gt; * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is&lt;br /&gt; * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:&lt;br /&gt; * &lt;br /&gt; * The above notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies&lt;br /&gt; * or substantial portions of the Software.&lt;br /&gt; * &lt;br /&gt; * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR&lt;br /&gt; * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,&lt;br /&gt; * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE&lt;br /&gt; * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER&lt;br /&gt; * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,&lt;br /&gt; * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE&lt;br /&gt; * SOFTWARE.&lt;br /&gt; */&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/* File for "Basic Shapes" lesson of the OpenGL tutorial on&lt;br /&gt; * www.videotutorialsrock.com&lt;br /&gt; */&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include &amp;lt;iostream&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include &amp;lt;stdlib.h&amp;gt; //Needed for "exit" function&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//Include OpenGL header files, so that we can use OpenGL&lt;br /&gt;#ifdef __APPLE__&lt;br /&gt;#include &amp;lt;OpenGL/OpenGL.h&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include &amp;lt;GLUT/glut.h&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;#else&lt;br /&gt;#include &amp;lt;GL/glut.h&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;#endif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;using namespace std;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//Called when a key is pressed&lt;br /&gt;void handleKeypress(unsigned char key, //The key that was pressed&lt;br /&gt;     int x, int y) {    //The current mouse coordinates&lt;br /&gt; switch (key) {&lt;br /&gt;  case 27: //Escape key&lt;br /&gt;   exit(0); //Exit the program&lt;br /&gt; }&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//Initializes 3D rendering&lt;br /&gt;void initRendering() {&lt;br /&gt; //Makes 3D drawing work when something is in front of something else&lt;br /&gt; glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//Called when the window is resized&lt;br /&gt;void handleResize(int w, int h) {&lt;br /&gt; //Tell OpenGL how to convert from coordinates to pixel values&lt;br /&gt; glViewport(0, 0, w, h);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); //Switch to setting the camera perspective&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; //Set the camera perspective&lt;br /&gt; glLoadIdentity(); //Reset the camera&lt;br /&gt; gluPerspective(45.0,                  //The camera angle&lt;br /&gt;       (double)w / (double)h, //The width-to-height ratio&lt;br /&gt;       1.0,                   //The near z clipping coordinate&lt;br /&gt;       200.0);                //The far z clipping coordinate&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//Draws the 3D scene&lt;br /&gt;void drawScene() {&lt;br /&gt; //Clear information from last draw&lt;br /&gt; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //Switch to the drawing perspective&lt;br /&gt; glLoadIdentity(); //Reset the drawing perspective&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glBegin(GL_QUADS); //Begin quadrilateral coordinates&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; //Trapezoid&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(-0.7f, -1.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(0.7f, -1.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(0.4f, -0.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(-0.4f, -0.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glEnd(); //End quadrilateral coordinates&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); //Begin triangle coordinates&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; //Pentagon&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(0.5f, 0.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(1.5f, 0.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(0.5f, 1.0f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(0.5f, 1.0f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(1.5f, 0.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(1.5f, 1.0f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(0.5f, 1.0f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(1.5f, 1.0f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; //Triangle&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(-0.5f, 0.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; glVertex3f(-1.5f, 0.5f, -5.0f);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glEnd(); //End triangle coordinates&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glutSwapBuffers(); //Send the 3D scene to the screen&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;int main(int argc, char** argv) {&lt;br /&gt; //Initialize GLUT&lt;br /&gt; glutInit(&amp;argc, argv);&lt;br /&gt; glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);&lt;br /&gt; glutInitWindowSize(400, 400); //Set the window size&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; //Create the window&lt;br /&gt; glutCreateWindow("Basic Shapes - videotutorialsrock.com");&lt;br /&gt; initRendering(); //Initialize rendering&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; //Set handler functions for drawing, keypresses, and window resizes&lt;br /&gt; glutDisplayFunc(drawScene);&lt;br /&gt; glutKeyboardFunc(handleKeypress);&lt;br /&gt; glutReshapeFunc(handleResize);&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; glutMainLoop(); //Start the main loop.  glutMainLoop doesn't return.&lt;br /&gt; return 0; //This line is never reached&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Now apply make command to compile and build the program. And then as in our Imakefile output file name was program.out type ./program.out to display output.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;$ make&lt;br /&gt;c++ -m32 -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing   -I/usr/include \&lt;br /&gt;-I/usr/include -Dlinux -D__i386__ -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L -D_POSIX_SOURCE\ &lt;br /&gt;-D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_SVID_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE \&lt;br /&gt;-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -c -o main.o main.cpp&lt;br /&gt;rm -f program.out&lt;br /&gt;g++ -o program.out -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing -g -L/usr/lib\ &lt;br /&gt;main.o -L/usr/lib -lglut -lGLU -lGL -L/usr/lib -lXmu -lXi -lXext -lX11 -lm -lpthread&lt;br /&gt;make: *** No rule to make target `program.out.man', needed by `program.out._man'.&lt;br /&gt;Stop.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;It is not a must that you have to use an Imakefile to compile sources. You can use simple makefiles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example a file named makefile with following contents will serve the same purpose.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;CC = g++&lt;br /&gt;CFLAGS = -Wall&lt;br /&gt;PROG = basicshapes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SRCS = main.cpp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ifeq ($(shell uname),Darwin)&lt;br /&gt; LIBS = -framework OpenGL -framework GLUT&lt;br /&gt;else&lt;br /&gt; LIBS = -lGL -lGLU -lglut&lt;br /&gt;endif&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;all: $(PROG)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$(PROG): $(SRCS)&lt;br /&gt; $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PROG) $(SRCS) $(LIBS)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;clean:&lt;br /&gt; rm -f $(PROG)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;An easy tutorial on makefile here.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://mrbook.org/tutorials/make"&gt;http://mrbook.org/tutorials/make&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-2668077278197845689?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/2668077278197845689/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-create-makefine-using-imakefile.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2668077278197845689'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2668077278197845689'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-create-makefine-using-imakefile.html' title='How to Create Makefile from Imakefile'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-8203358629927231248</id><published>2010-01-10T02:14:00.000+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-10T02:14:04.605+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Chrome'/><title type='text'>How to Load All New Yahoo Mail on Google Chrome Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Users of All New Yahoo Mail may be redirected to the following page when using Google Chrome on Linux.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0jfgat5l2I/AAAAAAAAAXY/Q313Dy4rvQs/s1600-h/ym.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0jfgat5l2I/AAAAAAAAAXY/Q313Dy4rvQs/s320/ym.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to zoom]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The page says "Sorry, the all-new Yahoo! Mail does not support your browser.&lt;br /&gt;You can either download a compatible browser or proceed to Yahoo! Mail Classic."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And there are two options; one to download browsers other to "To proceed to Yahoo! Mail Classic"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How weird is that!! This is happening with Google Chrome 4.0.249.43 which is a very much capable browser for the technologies that New Yahoo Mail uses!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what's the workaround? As Yahoo Mail is dumb we have to bypass their browser and platform check!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enter the following URL on address bar and enter&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://us.mg2.mail.yahoo.com/dc/launch?sysreq=ignore"&gt;http://us.mg2.mail.yahoo.com/dc/launch?sysreq=ignore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Asians, use this url. It will help faster loading.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aa.mg2.mail.yahoo.com/dc/launch?sysreq=ignore"&gt;http://aa.mg2.mail.yahoo.com/dc/launch?sysreq=ignore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-8203358629927231248?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/8203358629927231248/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-load-all-new-yahoo-mail-on.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8203358629927231248'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8203358629927231248'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-load-all-new-yahoo-mail-on.html' title='How to Load All New Yahoo Mail on Google Chrome Linux'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0jfgat5l2I/AAAAAAAAAXY/Q313Dy4rvQs/s72-c/ym.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-5310651640474856157</id><published>2010-01-09T21:07:00.008+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-09T22:39:51.925+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Artificial Intelligence'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>Brief Overview on Prolog and Installation Procedure of SWI-Prolog on Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Prolog is a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.&lt;/li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;li&gt;First Prolog system was developed in 1972 by Alain Colmerauer and Phillipe Roussel.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;SWI-Prolog is an open source implementation of the programming language Prolog, commonly used for teaching and semantic web applications.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;SWI-Prolog has been under continuous development since 1987. Its main author is Jan Wielemaker. The name SWI is derived from Sociaal-Wetenschappelijke Informatica ("Social Science Informatics"), the former name of the group at the University of Amsterdam, where Wielemaker is employ.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The first implementations of Prolog were interpreters, however, David H. D. Warren created the Warren Abstract Machine, an early and influential Prolog compiler which came to define the "Edinburgh Prolog" dialect which served as the basis for the syntax of most modern implementations.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;For more details follow wikipedia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolog"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWI-Prolog"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWI-Prolog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;How to Install SWI-Prolog on Fedora Core&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Login as root (type su, provide password and hit enter).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apply following commands.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum -y install pl-devel&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit&lt;br /&gt;Setting up Install Process&lt;br /&gt;Resolving Dependencies&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&amp;gt; Package pl-devel.i686 0:5.7.11-5.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Processing Dependency: pl = 5.7.11-5.fc12 for package: pl-devel-5.7.11-5.fc12.i686&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Processing Dependency: libpl.so.5.7.11 for package: pl-devel-5.7.11-5.fc12.i686&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&amp;gt; Package pl.i686 0:5.7.11-5.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Finished Dependency Resolution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dependencies Resolved&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt; Package           Arch          Version                  Repository       Size&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Installing:&lt;br /&gt; pl-devel          i686          5.7.11-5.fc12            fedora           65 k&lt;br /&gt;Installing for dependencies:&lt;br /&gt; pl                i686          5.7.11-5.fc12            fedora          5.8 M&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Transaction Summary&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Install       2 Package(s)&lt;br /&gt;Upgrade       0 Package(s)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Total download size: 5.9 M&lt;br /&gt;Downloading Packages:&lt;br /&gt;Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata&lt;br /&gt;Processing delta metadata&lt;br /&gt;Package(s) data still to download: 5.9 M&lt;br /&gt;(1/2): pl-5.7.11-5.fc12.i686.rpm                         | 5.8 MB     04:21     &lt;br /&gt;(2/2): pl-devel-5.7.11-5.fc12.i686.rpm                   |  65 kB     00:05     &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;Total                                            22 kB/s | 5.9 MB     04:29     &lt;br /&gt;Running rpm_check_debug&lt;br /&gt;Running Transaction Test&lt;br /&gt;Finished Transaction Test&lt;br /&gt;Transaction Test Succeeded&lt;br /&gt;Running Transaction&lt;br /&gt;  Installing     : pl-5.7.11-5.fc12.i686                                    1/2 &lt;br /&gt;  Installing     : pl-devel-5.7.11-5.fc12.i686                              2/2 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Installed:&lt;br /&gt;  pl-devel.i686 0:5.7.11-5.fc12                                                 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dependency Installed:&lt;br /&gt;  pl.i686 0:5.7.11-5.fc12                                                       &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Complete!&lt;br /&gt;# pl -v&lt;br /&gt;SWI-Prolog version 5.7.11 for i386-linux&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;How to Install SWI-Prolog on Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Apply this command to install SWI-Prolog on Ubuntu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo apt-get install gprolog swi-prolog&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Prolog with Netbeans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Prolog can be used with Netbeans IDE. Who are interested navigate to following links.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/60/nbm-prolog.html"&gt;http://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/60/nbm-prolog.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://hulles.supersized.org/pages/geewhiz.html"&gt;http://hulles.supersized.org/pages/geewhiz.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Working with Prolog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;After installing prolog you can provide pl command to run pl interpreter. To exit the interpreter press Ctrl + d. Or type 'halt.'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To print something like hello world use write command.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;?- write('hello world').&lt;br /&gt;hello world&lt;br /&gt;true.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;?-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;To write a prolog program you can use any editor. For example, to create a program called parent.pl you can use the following command(to open a file with gnome editor).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;gedit parent.pl&amp;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Contents of parent.pl below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;/* upper case used for variables, lower case for constants.&lt;br /&gt;   Terminate each clause by a period.  A clause can be written&lt;br /&gt;   on multiple lines. Do not leave any blank space. */&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/* these are rules */&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;parent(X,Y):-mother(X,Y).&lt;br /&gt;parent(X,Y):-father(X,Y).&lt;br /&gt;grandparent(X,Y):-parent(X,Z),parent(Z,Y).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/* and these facts */&lt;br /&gt;mother(sonja,mary).&lt;br /&gt;mother(sonja,jane).&lt;br /&gt;father(john,jim).&lt;br /&gt;father(john,bob).&lt;br /&gt;father(bob,bill).&lt;br /&gt;father(bob,dan).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/* and these are goals &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Find all X that are grandparents of Y.  Type ; after the first answer&lt;br /&gt;is returned to see more answers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;grandparent(X,Y).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Find who John is a granparent of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;grandparent(john,X).&lt;br /&gt;*/&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now run prolog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;pl&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Welcome to SWI-Prolog (Multi-threaded, 32 bits, Version 5.7.11)&lt;br /&gt;Copyright (c) 1990-2009 University of Amsterdam.&lt;br /&gt;SWI-Prolog comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,&lt;br /&gt;and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.&lt;br /&gt;Please visit http://www.swi-prolog.org for details.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For help, use ?- help(Topic). or ?- apropos(Word).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now we will compile the program parent.pl We can use either compile or consult command. Or can simply type ['parent.pl'] to compile the program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;consult('/path_to_file/file_name')&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syntax of compile and consult command are same.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Put a period afte every command. Period means end of command.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;?&lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;- ['parent.pl'].&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;% parent.pl compiled 0.00 sec, 1,632 bytes&lt;br /&gt;true.&lt;br /&gt;?- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now run queries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;?- grandparent(X,Y).&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;X = john,&lt;br /&gt;Y = bill ;&lt;br /&gt;X = john,&lt;br /&gt;Y = dan ;&lt;br /&gt;false.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;?- grandparent(john,X).&lt;br /&gt;X = bill ;&lt;br /&gt;X = dan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;?- parent(X,Y).&lt;br /&gt;X = sonja,&lt;br /&gt;Y = mary ;&lt;br /&gt;X = sonja,&lt;br /&gt;Y = jane ;&lt;br /&gt;X = john,&lt;br /&gt;Y = jim ;&lt;br /&gt;X = john,&lt;br /&gt;Y = bob ;&lt;br /&gt;X = bob,&lt;br /&gt;Y = bill ;&lt;br /&gt;X = bob,&lt;br /&gt;Y = dan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;?- listing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;father(john, jim).&lt;br /&gt;father(john, bob).&lt;br /&gt;father(bob, bill).&lt;br /&gt;father(bob, dan).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mother(sonja, mary).&lt;br /&gt;mother(sonja, jane).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;parent(A, B) :-&lt;br /&gt; mother(A, B).&lt;br /&gt;parent(A, B) :-&lt;br /&gt; father(A, B).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;grandparent(A, C) :-&lt;br /&gt; parent(A, B),&lt;br /&gt; parent(B, C).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;%   Foreign: rl_read_history/1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;%   Foreign: rl_write_history/1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;%   Foreign: rl_add_history/1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;%   Foreign: rl_read_init_file/1&lt;br /&gt;true.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;?- halt.&lt;br /&gt;# &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Acknowledgement and Related Links:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~gini/prolog/hints.html"&gt;http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~gini/prolog/hints.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeLogic/Prolog.toy/Examples/"&gt;http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeLogic/Prolog.toy/Examples/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://kti.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/contents.html"&gt;http://kti.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/contents.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-5310651640474856157?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/5310651640474856157/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/brief-overview-on-prolog-and.html#comment-form' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5310651640474856157'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/5310651640474856157'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/brief-overview-on-prolog-and.html' title='Brief Overview on Prolog and Installation Procedure of SWI-Prolog on Linux'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-2234112162619890573</id><published>2010-01-04T11:52:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-07-22T22:25:15.315+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Windows'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='OpenGL'/><title type='text'>OpenGL on Windows &amp; Common Instructions</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Download glut for Windows here &lt;a href="http://www.xmission.com/~nate/glut/glut-3.7.6-bin.zip"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Common instructions for setting up opengl with Visual Studio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Many different sites have posts about this. However, I'm going to give you hints. In Pro versions SDKs are installed by default. If you are using Visual Studio Express you need to install Windows Platform SDK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now extract the glut archive you just downloaded from this page. Copy glut.h and paste where GL.h and GLU.h resides.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0F_9AyFoII/AAAAAAAAAWQ/YX2el1Aty8g/s1600-h/OW01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0F_9AyFoII/AAAAAAAAAWQ/YX2el1Aty8g/s320/OW01.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to enlarge]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The directory is PlatformSDKInstallDIR\Windows\VERSION\Include\gl&lt;br /&gt;Copy dll file to System 32 folder&lt;br /&gt;Copy lib file to to PlatformSDKInstallDIR\Windows\VERSION\Lib&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Visual Studio 2008 Pro files go like this.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;glut.h -&amp;gt; C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.0A\Include\gl&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;glut32.dll-&amp;gt; C:\Windows\System32&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;glut32.lib -&amp;gt; C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.0A\Lib&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;Testing OpenGL Code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Create new win32 -&amp;gt; win32 project.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click Solution Explorer. Right click Source Files. Click Add - &amp;gt; New Item. Specify a name. Select .cpp as template.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Download this &lt;a href="http://sa-win32-tutorials.googlecode.com/files/BasicShape.zip"&gt;code&lt;/a&gt; file. Extract and copy the contents of the cpp file and paste on the empty cpp file of the IDE&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Select Project properties additional dependency: opengl32.lib glut32.lib glu32.lib&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0GAYnQuGzI/AAAAAAAAAWY/SDOKQM-h4Rw/s1600-h/OW02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0GAYnQuGzI/AAAAAAAAAWY/SDOKQM-h4Rw/s320/OW02.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to enlarge]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;To build press Alt + Shft + B. If build is successful press Ctrl + F5 to run the program.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0GBT2DTpTI/AAAAAAAAAWg/Qsn14fm2ZE4/s1600-h/OW03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0GBT2DTpTI/AAAAAAAAAWg/Qsn14fm2ZE4/s320/OW03.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to enlarge]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;If your opengl code does not have a WinMAIN function, instead you have a main function then the type of project to be created should be General -&amp;gt; Empty Project to avoid linker errors. Output of the program will start with a console. In both cases you need to remember about selecting additional dependency: opengl32.lib glut32.lib glu32.lib in project properties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Example of such code &lt;a href="http://sa-win32-tutorials.googlecode.com/files/BasicShapes_console.zip"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related Links:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.opengl.org/resources/faq/technical/gettingstarted.htm"&gt;http://www.opengl.org/resources/faq/technical/gettingstarted.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.opengl.org/resources/libraries/glut/glut_downloads.php#windows"&gt;http://www.opengl.org/resources/libraries/glut/glut_downloads.php#windows&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.xmission.com/~nate/glut.html"&gt;http://www.xmission.com/~nate/glut.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/cs418fa09/OpenGL+Setup+for+Visual+Studio"&gt;https://agora.cs.illinois.edu/display/cs418fa09/OpenGL+Setup+for+Visual+Studio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-2234112162619890573?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/2234112162619890573/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/opengl-on-windowsnewly-compiled-glut.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2234112162619890573'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/2234112162619890573'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/opengl-on-windowsnewly-compiled-glut.html' title='OpenGL on Windows &amp; Common Instructions'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/S0F_9AyFoII/AAAAAAAAAWQ/YX2el1Aty8g/s72-c/OW01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-959830025555125735</id><published>2010-01-03T04:07:00.001+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-03T04:10:38.064+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>How to hide drive icons on gnome desktop Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;First we need to install gconf-editor. You can check if it exists in your system (Applications Menu-&amp;gt;System Tools-&amp;gt;Configuration Editor).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On Fedore Core login as root and apply commands&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;su&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Password:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# yum -y install gconf-editor&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo aptitude install -P gconf-editor&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Now using start menu go to Applications-&amp;gt;System Tools-&amp;gt;Configuration Editor or simply type 'gconf-editor' on terminal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Go to apps -&amp;gt; nautilus -&amp;gt; desktop&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz_Cy3J4bPI/AAAAAAAAAWA/DESMEfvZZyk/s1600-h/hd1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz_Cy3J4bPI/AAAAAAAAAWA/DESMEfvZZyk/s320/hd1.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to enlarge]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untick the check box besides "volumes_visible" Immediately the change will take effect and you will see the mounted partitions gone from desktop.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz_C7i8oq1I/AAAAAAAAAWI/BKXczRqbBPE/s1600-h/hd2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz_C7i8oq1I/AAAAAAAAAWI/BKXczRqbBPE/s320/hd2.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to enlarge]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-959830025555125735?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/959830025555125735/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-hide-drive-icons-on-gnome.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/959830025555125735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/959830025555125735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-hide-drive-icons-on-gnome.html' title='How to hide drive icons on gnome desktop Linux'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz_Cy3J4bPI/AAAAAAAAAWA/DESMEfvZZyk/s72-c/hd1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-8300008877371126906</id><published>2010-01-03T03:49:00.003+06:00</published><updated>2010-01-03T03:57:19.769+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Chrome'/><title type='text'>How to Install Adobe Flash Player on Google Chrome Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;First determine if flash player is already installed. Apply following command.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo locate libflashplayer.so&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;/usr/lib/flash-plugin/libflashplayer.so&lt;br /&gt;/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;If there is no output it means flash player is not installed. In that case you have to install it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To install flash player, open a terminal. Press Alt + F2. Type gnome-terminal. Hit Enter. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Command for Ubuntu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo aptitude install flashplugin-installer&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For Fedora core, login as root. For example, type su and provide root password and apply following commands.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;rpm -Uvh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.\&lt;br /&gt;noarch.rpm&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;warning: adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID&lt;br /&gt;f6777c67&lt;br /&gt;Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]&lt;br /&gt;   1:adobe-release-i386     ########################################### [100%]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# yum install flash-plugin&lt;br /&gt;Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit&lt;br /&gt;adobe-linux-i386                                         |  951 B     00:00     &lt;br /&gt;adobe-linux-i386/primary                                 |  12 kB     00:00     &lt;br /&gt;adobe-linux-i386                                                          17/17&lt;br /&gt;Setting up Install Process&lt;br /&gt;Resolving Dependencies&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&amp;gt; Package flash-plugin.i386 0:10.0.42.34-release set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Finished Dependency Resolution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dependencies Resolved&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt; Package          Arch     Version                   Repository            Size&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Installing:&lt;br /&gt; flash-plugin     i386     10.0.42.34-release        adobe-linux-i386     3.9 M&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Transaction Summary&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Install       1 Package(s)&lt;br /&gt;Upgrade       0 Package(s)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Total download size: 3.9 M&lt;br /&gt;Is this ok [y/N]: y&lt;br /&gt;Downloading Packages:&lt;br /&gt;Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata&lt;br /&gt;Processing delta metadata&lt;br /&gt;Package(s) data still to download: 3.9 M&lt;br /&gt;flash-plugin-10.0.42.34-release.i386.rpm                 | 3.9 MB     03:05     &lt;br /&gt;warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID f6777c67&lt;br /&gt;adobe-linux-i386/gpgkey                                  | 3.4 kB     00:00 ... &lt;br /&gt;Importing GPG key 0xF6777C67 "Adobe Systems Incorporated (Linux RPM Signing Key)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;secure@adobe.com&amp;gt;" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux&lt;br /&gt;Is this ok [y/N]: y&lt;br /&gt;Running rpm_check_debug&lt;br /&gt;Running Transaction Test&lt;br /&gt;Finished Transaction Test&lt;br /&gt;Transaction Test Succeeded&lt;br /&gt;Running Transaction&lt;br /&gt;Warning: RPMDB has been altered since the last yum transaction.&lt;br /&gt;  Installing     : flash-plugin-10.0.42.34-release.i386                     1/1 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Installed:&lt;br /&gt;  flash-plugin.i386 0:10.0.42.34-release                                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Complete!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Press y if asked for confirmation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Restart your browser. Whether it is Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox no manual configuration is required. Tested on Google Chrome 4.0.249.43 beta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz-9F-T6dFI/AAAAAAAAAV4/pS-0GaMnWS8/s1600-h/ts.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz-9F-T6dFI/AAAAAAAAAV4/pS-0GaMnWS8/s320/ts.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Click image to enlarge]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you still get trouble with Google Chrome make symbolic link after creating plugins directory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;sudo mkdir /opt/google/chrome/plugins&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# sudo ln -s /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer/libflashplayer.so \&lt;br /&gt;/opt/google/chrome/plugins/libflashplayer.so&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8479369071593459609-8300008877371126906?l=sa-os.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/feeds/8300008877371126906/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-install-adobe-flashp-player-on.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8300008877371126906'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8479369071593459609/posts/default/8300008877371126906'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sa-os.blogspot.com/2010/01/how-to-install-adobe-flashp-player-on.html' title='How to Install Adobe Flash Player on Google Chrome Linux'/><author><name>Atique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15779201506151137662</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_05muEG5f29w/Sz-9F-T6dFI/AAAAAAAAAV4/pS-0GaMnWS8/s72-c/ts.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479369071593459609.post-1612714172711948824</id><published>2010-01-03T01:49:00.011+06:00</published><updated>2010-02-03T20:10:53.884+06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fedora Core'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='OpenGL'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><title type='text'>How to Setup OpenGL (installing glut) on Linux and Compile Programs</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 160%; line-height: 15px; white-space: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fedora Core Instructions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;I am assuming that you have the primary idea about what OpenGL is and what it does. Hence, without wasting any more time let's see how to set it up or install on Linux Operating System.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First check for files gl.h and glut.h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;cd /usr/include/GL&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;# ls&lt;br /&gt;glext.h      glu.h         glx.h         glxmd.h      internal&lt;br /&gt;gl.h         glu_mangle.h  glxint.h      glxproto.h&lt;br /&gt;gl_mangle.h  glxext.h      glx_mangle.h  glxtokens.h&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;We have gl.h but no glut.h Hence we have to install development packages. If you don't have gl.h then you have to install mesa graphics libraries or nvidia libraries if you are using nvidia graphics card.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As freeglut devel package provides glut.h we are going to install it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 15px; white-space: normal; font-family: Courier New, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="1"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td nowrap="1"&gt;&lt;pre&gt;# &lt;b&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;yum -y install freeglut-devel&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit&lt;br /&gt;Setting up Install Process&lt;br /&gt;Resolving Dependencies&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Running transaction check&lt;br /&gt;---&amp;gt; Package freeglut-devel.i686 0:2.6.0-1.fc12 set to be updated&lt;br /&gt;--&amp;gt; Finished Dependency Resolution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dependencies Resolved&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt; Package                Arch         Version              Repository       Size&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Installing:&lt;br /&gt; freeglut-devel         i686         2.6.0-1.fc12         updates         112 k&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Transaction Summary&lt;br /&gt;================================================================================&lt;br /&gt;Install       1 Package(s)&lt;br /&gt;Upgrade       0 Package(s)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Total download size: 112 k&lt;br /&gt;Downloading Packages:&lt;br /&gt;Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata&lt;br /&gt;updates/prestodelta                                      | 322 kB     00:30     &lt;br /&gt;Processing delta metadata&lt;br /&gt;Package(s) data still to download: 112 k&lt;br /&gt;freeglut-devel-2.6.0-1.fc12.i686.rpm                     | 112 kB     00:11     &lt;br /&gt;Running rpm_check_debug&lt;br /&gt;Running Transaction Test&lt;br /&gt;Finished Transaction Test&lt;br /&gt;Transaction Test Succeeded&lt;br /&gt;Running Transaction&lt;br /&gt;  Installing     : freeglut-devel-2.6.0-1.fc12.i686                         1/1 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Installed:&lt;br /&gt;  freeglut-devel.i686 0:2.6.0-1.fc12                                            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Complete!&lt;br /&gt;# ls&lt;br /&gt;f
